Phosphate Ion Release and Alkalizing Potential of Three Bioactive Dental Materials in Comparison with Composite Resin

Abstract

Aim. Several new bioactive compounds were recently introduced to the market with favorable ion release, tooth remineralization, and alkalizing potential. This study sought to compare the phosphate ion release and alkalizing potential of three bioactive materials in comparison with composite resin. Methods. Thirty-six discs (2 × 6 mm) were fabricated from Fuji II LC resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI), Activa BioActive, Cention N, and Z250 composite in plastic molds. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 and 48 h and 6 months. Half of the specimens were used to assess the phosphate ion release while the other half were used to assess the alkalizing potential 1 h after pH drop from 6.8 to 4. Phosphate ion release was quantified by a spectrophotometer while the pH value was measured by a pH meter. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s HSD test (for pairwise comparisons) at 0.05 level of significance. Results. At 24 h, the maximum phosphate ion release in distilled water occurred in the Fuji II LC group followed by Cention N, Activa BioActive, and Z250. At 6 months, Cention N followed by Activa BioActive showed higher phosphate ion release than Fuji II LC and Z250. No significant difference was noted between Activa BioActive and Cention N at any time point. All materials, except for Z250, increased the pH of the environment. Fuji II LC had maximum alkalizing effect at all time points followed by Cention N and Activa BioActive. Conclusion. Use of bioactive compounds is a promising method to ensure phosphate ion release, and can have a positive effect on tooth remineralization over time. Also, bioactive compounds can alkalize an acidic environment.

Assessment of remineralisation potentials of bioactive dental composite using an in-vitro demineralised dentine model

“… 30 A recent study found that that phosphate ions increased over time more than glass ionomer. 31 These findings are in agreement with our results and may explain the highest reading recorded of Ca:P ratio and KHN in the Activa BioActive-Restorative group, which may translate into providing the highest remineralisation potential, among other materials.…”

Elemental and Micromorphological Analysis of New Alkasite Based Restorative Material/Tooth Interface

“…The results are in accordance with Gupta et al who found that Cention-N (selfcure) has more fluoride ion release and alkalizing capability in acidic pH as compared to Cention-N (light-cure) and GIC 25 . The results are in consistent with Kasraei et al who reported Ca and p ion release from activa bioactive composite and Cention N and concluded that these bioactive materials can have a long term positive effect on tooth remineralization 26 . The results also in accordance with Tiskaya et al 27 who reported ion release from Activa Bioactive and Cention_N which varies according to the pH of the immersion medium.…”

Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strength and Microleakage of Three Ion-Releasing Restorative Materials at Various pH Levels

“…The LCTE of resin-based materials is affected by the amount of filler [40]. Beautifil flow plus has a 47 vol% of filler [41], RMGI has 55 vol% filler [28], and alkasite has a 58 vol% (78 wt%) filler content in the final mass [28,42]. Thus, the harsh oral environment could not be simulated, which is a limitation of this study.…”

“…However, there was no significant difference among various pH conditions. It is assumed that alkasite has high alkalizing potential with the release of hydroxyl ions [28]. Kasraei S et al reported that the RMGI and alkasite showed a significant increase in the pH following acidification of the environment [28].…”