“…With the rapid development of industrial production, the pollution of water and land resources by heavy metals is becoming increasingly serious [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Water-soluble, non-biodegradable hexavalent chromium Cr(VI), which easily penetrates through food chain enrichment, can induce cellular oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage, gene mutation, fetal malformation, and carcinogenesis, is one of the most dangerous heavy metals [ 4 , 5 ]. Cr(VI) is widely applied in smelting, electroplating, painting, chemical manufacturing, and tanned leather [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”