Phosphates-Containing Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) Acting as Slow Release Fertilizer Hydrogels (SRFHs) Suitable for Agricultural Applications

Abstract

Novel, phosphorus-containing slow release fertilizer hydrogels (SRFHs) composed of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with very good swelling and mechanical properties have been obtained and characterized. It was found that introducing organophosphorus polymer based on a commercially available monomer, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate (MEP), as the IPN’s first component network results in much better swelling properties than for a terpolymer with acrylic acid (AAc), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate (MEP) and bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BMEP) when the same weight ratios of monomers are employed. The procedure described in this paper enables the introduction of much larger amounts of phosphorus into polymer structures without significant loss of water regain ability, which is crucial in the application of such materials in the agricultural field.

Improved Soil Amendment by Integrating Metal Complexes and Biodegradable Complexing Agents in Superabsorbents

“…Incorporation experiments were performed by the batch study. The adsorption efficiency of metals with the complexing agents (IDHA, EDDS, or GLDA) was determined by taking into account various parameters such as contact time (1-240 min), mass (0.05-0.25 g), concentration (1 × 10 −3 M), pH (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), temperature (293-333 K). At first, 0.1 g of Agro ® Hydrogel and 50 mL of Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes with IDHA, EDDS and GLDA (in the system M(II)/(III): IDHA, EDDS or GLDA = 1:1) were shaken at 180 rpm at 293 K in a laboratory shaker of type 357 (Elpin Plus, Lubawa, Poland).…”

“…Currently, agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy in many countries [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In order to intensify agricultural production, an increase in the consumption of mineral fertilizers is observed, so new technologies for fertilizer manufacture are being worked out [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Smart Polymer Hydrogels as Matrices for the Controlled Release Applications in Agriculture Sector

“…Besides, the application frequency required in the growing season could be minimized through controlled release technology. The controlled release was defined [6] as a technique or a method by which water or active chemicals were made available to a specified target at a definite rate and duration designed to accomplish an intended effect [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The method of choice to achieve controlled release in a particular application depends on the cost, release rate, potency and properties of the active compounds [14][15][16].…”

Controlled-Release Materials for Remediation of Trichloroethylene Contamination in Groundwater

“…Starting from the 1990s, oral controlled-release formulations have become a significant research focus in the pharmaceutical field due to their mechanism of once-daily dosing, controlled, targeted, and timed release [23,24]. Currently, controlled-release materials have found widespread use in both the agricultural [25] and pharmaceutical [26] fields. However, due to factors such as site complexity [27,28] and economic considerations, research on controlled-release materials in the domain of groundwater pollution control has predominantly remained at the level of laboratory theoretical studies.…”