Phosphatidyl choline and the growth in serum‐free medium of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and corneal endothelial cells

Abstract

Liposomes made by sonication of egg yolk phosphatidyl choline support the proliferation of low-density bovine vascular and corneal endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells maintained on basement laminacoated dishes and exposed to a defined medium supplemented with transferrin. The optimal growth-promoting effect of phosphatidyl choline was observed at concentrations of 25 micrograms/ml for low-density cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells, and 100 micrograms/ml for vascular and corneal endothelial cells. The growth rate and final cell density of vascular endothelial cells exposed to a synthetic medium supplemented with transferrin and either high-density lipoproteins or phosphatidyl choline has been compared. Although cultures exposed to phosphatidyl choline reached a final cell density similar to that of cultures exposed to high-density lipoproteins, they had a longer average doubling time (17 h vs. 12 h) during their logarithmic growth phase and a shorter lifespan (17 generations vs. 30 generations). Similar observations were made in the case of vascular smooth muscle cells or bovine corneal endothelial cells maintained in medium supplemented with transferrin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin and exposed to either high-density lipoproteins or phosphatidyl choline. Since phosphatidyl choline can, for the most part, replace high-density lipoproteins in supporting the proliferation of various cell types, it is likely that the growth stimulating signal conveyed by high-density lipoproteins is associated with its polar lipid fraction, which is composed mostly of phosphatidyl cholines.

Alginate nanohydrogels prepared by emulsification-diffusion method

“…This can be ascribed to the formation of vesicles due to the exceeding Choline II which takes after the structure of phosphoglyceride composing cell membranes. 34,35 Possibility of subsistence of vesicles even after freeze-drying was presumed by the traces of blank particles as shown in Figure 1(c). These is ascribed to the formation of vesicles that has not enough alginate polymers to form the solid nanoparticles.…”

Behavior of Endothelial Cells Regulated by a Dynamically Changed Microenvironment of Biodegradable PLLA‐PC

“…This finding was tentatively assigned to the presence of phosphorylcholine in the degradation fluid. Phosphorylcholine is natural substance, and has been identified as growth‐promoting to vascular and corneal endothelial cells 30. It is also suggested that phosphorylcholine could induce a high‐level expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is substantial in the proliferation of endothelial cells 31…”

Fetal bovine serum-free culture of endothelial progenitor cells-progress and challenges

“…First attempts to perform SF EC culture were already described over 30 years ago, even though those studies were focused on EC biology rather than on their possible therapeutic potential (Fujii, Cheng, & Gospodarowicz, ; Gorfien, Spector, DeLuca, & Weiss, ; Hoshi & McKeehan, ). Some of the supplements tested included EGF, bFGF, BPE, human hepatoma cell‐conditioned medium, and matrix protein coatings, among others.…”