Phosphatidylethanol in patients with liver diseases of different etiologies: Analysis of six homologues and comparison with other alcohol markers

Aboutara, Nadine; Szewczyk, Anne; Jungen, Hilke; Mosebach, Amadea; Lago, Maria Rodriguez; Vettorazzi, Eik; Iwersen‐Bergmann, Stefanie; Müller, Alexander; Sterneck, Martina

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.013

Cited by 6 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…While a Swedish working group suggested a cut‐ off of 35 ng/ml for abstinence testing, which was adopted in several studies, 16,28 American and Belgian laboratories apply a lower cutoff of 20 ng/ml 15 . The latter cutoff has also been used regularly in studies 11,18,29 . In further studies, 10 7,10 or 8 ng/ml 30,31 have been used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Reduced sensitivity with 58-92% but higher specificity with 98-100% for different consumption amounts in the past four to twelve weeks were recently presented by our working group. 11 Overall, PEth has been shown to have a good dose-response relationship to ethanol. 12,13 However, substantial interindividual differences in PEth synthesis and elimination exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…15 The latter cutoff has also been used regularly in studies. 11,18,29 In further studies, 10 7,10 or 8 ng/ml 30,31 have been used. When lowering a cutoff, there is always the risk of increasing the number of false positives.…”

Section: Cutoffsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a review on PEth analysis in patients with liver diseases, sensitivity of 73–100% and specificity of 90–96% were reported to determine alcohol consumption in the previous one to four weeks 1 . Reduced sensitivity with 58–92% but higher specificity with 98–100% for different consumption amounts in the past four to twelve weeks were recently presented by our working group 11 . Overall, PEth has been shown to have a good dose–response relationship to ethanol 12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 after consumption of low doses of alcohol—A contribution to cutoff discussion

Aboutara

Jungen

Szewczyk

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Phosphatidylethanol in blood has gained recognition as a direct alcohol biomarker. Although different cutoffs have been suggested, there is no consensus for differentiating abstinence from alcohol consumption. In this study, 75 participants (72% female) consumed 20 g of ethanol on three consecutive evenings. Blood was sampled on each following day and PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 were determined. PEth 16:0/18:1 ranged from 8.9–21.5, 8.7–19.3, and 8.8–42.3 ng/ml and PEth 16:0/18:2 from 8.7–31.7, 9.0–39.3, and 9.4–43.0 ng/ml after the respective days of ethanol consumption. PEth 16:0/18:1 yielded a sensitivity of 25%, 45%, and 49% and PEth 16:0/18:2 of 40%, 61%, and 68% for the consumption days, respectively (cutoff 10 ng/ml). PEth 16:0/18:1 reached >20 ng/ml in five samples overall. Sensitivity of PEth 16:0/18:2 > 20 ng/ml was better with 35% after the three drinking days. Overall, PEth 16:0/18:1 was >35 ng/ml in one sample and PEth 16:0/18:2 in three samples. Significantly, more women had PEth 16:0/18:1 > 10 ng/ml after the third day of consuming 20 g of alcohol (p = 0.02) and PEth 16:0/18:2 > 10 ng/ml after the second (p = 0.023) and the third (p = 0.002) consumption, which can be led back to the higher blood alcohol concentration women reach after consuming the same alcohol amount as men. Although the response rates of PEth to alcohol uptake are subject to strong interindividual differences, results suggest that PEth cutoff should be lowered for better detection of consumption of low to medium amounts of alcohol. Furthermore, it is advantageous to analyze both PEth 16:0/18:2 and 16:0/18:1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Cutoffsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 after consumption of low doses of alcohol—A contribution to cutoff discussion

Aboutara

Jungen

Szewczyk

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Feasibility was assessed by the proportion of samples returned by participants to the laboratory and the proportion of samples that were deemed acceptable for processing by the respective laboratories. One participant was excluded from analyses because they were on dialysis at the time of study participation, which has been shown to impact the absorption and elimination of PEth (Aboutara et al, 2022), ARVs (Ahuja et al, 1999), and cortisol (Letizia et al, 1996). Data from the baseline, posttreatment, 3‐, and 6‐month follow‐up visits were included in these analyses and we explored patterns of feasibility by these time points.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of remote self‐collection of dried blood spots, hair, and nails among people with HIV with hazardous alcohol use

Firkey

Tully

Bucci

et al. 2023

Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research

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Background The use of biomarkers in behavioral HIV research can help to address limitations of self‐reported data. The COVID‐19 pandemic forced many researchers to transition from standard in‐person data collection to remote data collection. We present data on the feasibility of remote self‐collection of dried blood spots (DBS), hair, and nails for the objective assessment of alcohol use, antiretroviral therapy adherence, and stress in a sample of people with HIV (PWH) who are hazardous drinkers. Methods Standardized operating procedures for remote self‐collection of DBS, hair, and nails were developed for an ongoing pilot study of a transdiagnostic alcohol intervention for PWH. Prior to each study appointment, participants were mailed a kit containing materials for self‐collection, instructions, a video link demonstrating the collection process, and a prepaid envelope for returning samples. Results A total of 133 remote study visits were completed. For DBS and nail collection at baseline, 87.5% and 83.3% of samples, respectively, were received by the research laboratory, of which 100% of samples were processed. Although hair samples were intended to be analyzed, most of the samples (77.7%) were insufficient or the scalp end of the hair was not marked. We, therefore, decided that hair collection was not feasible in the framework of this study. Conclusion An increase in remote self‐collection of biospecimens may significantly advance the field of HIV‐related research, permitting the collection of specimens without resource‐intensive laboratory personnel and facilities. Further research is needed on the factors that impeded participants' ability to complete remote biospecimen collection.

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Monitoring of phosphatidylethanol in dried blood spots and of ethyl glucuronide in hair over 6 months of alcohol consumption

Herzog,

Skopp,

Musshoff

2023

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The aim of this study was to monitor seven phosphatidylethanol (PEth) homologues in dried blood spots (DBS) and ethyl glucuronide in hair (EtGH) over a 6‐month period of drinking while documenting the daily drinks (amount and type) of alcohol via app. A total of 23 volunteers (12 males and 11 females) aged 19–54 years were enrolled. At four‐weekly intervals, capillary blood to create DBS and after 3 and 6 months, respectively, a strand of hair (proximal, 3 cm) was collected. Analyses of EtGH and PEth homologues were performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. All participants consumed alcohol during the 6 months. Only one participant tested negative for both PEth and EtGH. Eight participants had PEth 16:0/18:1 concentrations between 20 and <210 ng/mL (mean: 45.6 ng/mL) but EtGH concentrations below 5 pg/mg. PEth 16:0/18:1 concentrations between 20 and <210 ng/mL and EtGH concentrations between 5 and <30 pg/mg were assigned to eight subjects, uniformly matching them in the category of socially accepted drinking behavior. Four test subjects exceeded the cutoff for social drinking behavior in both PEth 16:0/18:1 (mean: 528 ng/mL) and EtGH (mean: 84.5 pg/mg). Two participants exceeded the threshold for PEth 16:0/18:1 of 210 ng/mL in blood but remained below 30 pg EtG/mg hair. PEth showed a higher detection rate for alcohol consumption than EtGH did. Moreover, PEth concentrations reacted quickly to changes in drinking behavior, whereas EtGH concentrations remained similar over time.

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Phosphatidylethanol in patients with liver diseases of different etiologies: Analysis of six homologues and comparison with other alcohol markers

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 after consumption of low doses of alcohol—A contribution to cutoff discussion

PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 after consumption of low doses of alcohol—A contribution to cutoff discussion

Feasibility of remote self‐collection of dried blood spots, hair, and nails among people with HIV with hazardous alcohol use

Monitoring of phosphatidylethanol in dried blood spots and of ethyl glucuronide in hair over 6 months of alcohol consumption

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