Phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis is required for the development of embryos and normal membrane structures of chloroplasts and mitochondria in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Tanoue, Ryo; Kobayashi, Megumi; Katayama, Kenta; Nagata, Noriko; Wada, Hajime

doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.010

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In Arabidopsis, two enzymes are thus responsible for PG synthesis: Phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase1 (PGP1), localized in both chloroplast and mitochondria (Babiychuk et al, 2003), and PGP2, localized in the ER (Müller and Frentzen, 2001). By studying pgp mutants, it was established that the PGP1-dependent pathway was responsible for 70% of PG synthesis in leaves and was required for the development of green leaves and chloroplasts with well-developed thylakoid membranes Xu et al, 2002), whereas the pgp2 mutant showed a small decrease in PG content compensated by a slight increase in PI content (Tanoue et al, 2014). Based on the facts that PG and PI biosynthesis pathways share their precursors (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Glycerolipid Remodeling Triggered by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Starvation inPhaeodactylum tricornutum

et al. 2014

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Diatoms constitute a major phylum of phytoplankton biodiversity in ocean water and freshwater ecosystems. They are known to respond to some chemical variations of the environment by the accumulation of triacylglycerol, but the relative changes occurring in membrane glycerolipids have not yet been studied. Our goal was first to define a reference for the glycerolipidome of the marine model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a necessary prerequisite to characterize and dissect the lipid metabolic routes that are orchestrated and regulated to build up each subcellular membrane compartment. By combining multiple analytical techniques, we determined the glycerolipid profile of P. tricornutum grown with various levels of nitrogen or phosphorus supplies. In different P. tricornutum accessions collected worldwide, a deprivation of either nutrient triggered an accumulation of triacylglycerol, but with different time scales and magnitudes. We investigated in depth the effect of nutrient starvation on the Pt1 strain (Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa no. 1055/3). Nitrogen deprivation was the more severe stress, triggering thylakoid senescence and growth arrest. By contrast, phosphorus deprivation induced a stepwise adaptive response. The time scale of the glycerolipidome changes and the comparison with large-scale transcriptome studies were consistent with an exhaustion of unknown primary phosphorusstorage molecules (possibly polyphosphate) and a transcriptional control of some genes coding for specific lipid synthesis enzymes. We propose that phospholipids are secondary phosphorus-storage molecules broken down upon phosphorus deprivation, while nonphosphorus lipids are synthesized consistently with a phosphatidylglycerol-to-sulfolipid and a phosphatidycholine-to-betaine lipid replacement followed by a late accumulation of triacylglycerol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Glycerolipid Remodeling Triggered by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Starvation inPhaeodactylum tricornutum

et al. 2014

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“…Here, C. reinhardtii has two annotated PGPSs, PGP1 and PGP2 (Riekhof et al, 2005). A. thaliana also has two PGPSs, PGP1 and PGP2, with PGP1 as the major contributor to the chloroplast PG biosynthesis Xu et al, 2002;Tanoue et al, 2014). Finally, PGP is dephosphorylated by PGPP to produce PG, and CrPGPP1 is revealed as a functional PGPP in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…PCC 6803, affects cell growth and photosynthetic activity unless PG is supplemented exogenously Sato et al, 2000;Gombos et al, 2002). Arabidopsis possesses two PGPSs, PGP1 and PGP2; knocking out PGP1 severely affects photosynthesis but not the mitochondrial function Xu et al, 2002;Babiychuk et al, 2003;Kobayashi et al, 2014), and double knockout of PGP1 and PGP2 further reduces PG levels to trace amounts, thereby affecting overall plant growth (Tanoue et al, 2014). The importance of PG in mitochondria is suggested by the study of CL synthase (CLS), in that Arabidopsis CLS1 is localized at mitochondria and required for mitochondria function (Katayama et al, 2004;Pineau et al, 2013;Pan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase1, PGPP1, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Hung

Kobayashi

Wada

et al. 2015

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

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Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the exclusive phospholipid synthesized in chloroplasts and plays important roles in photosynthesis. However, phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase (PGPP), which catalyzes the final step of PG biosynthesis, is a missing piece in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Here, we isolated a previously uncharacterized haloacid dehalogenase-like phosphatase, designated CrPGPP1, as a putative PGPP in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. CrPGPP1 complemented growth and lipid compositional defects in Δgep4, a yeast mutant of PGPP, which indicates that CrPGPP1 is a functional PGPP. Two aspartic acid residues, which are both essential for the yeast PGPP (Gep4p) activity, are also conserved in the putative catalytic motif of CrPGPP1. Site-specific mutagenesis showed that the first but not the second aspartic acid residue was required for CrPGPP1 to complement the growth defect of Δgep4 mutant, which highlights the distinct molecular features of CrPGPP1. Our results suggest that CrPGPP1 is a functional PGPP in C. reinhardtii, for the first PGPP in photosynthetic eukaryotes.

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“…PG is required for embryo development [83], photosynthesis [84] and thylakoid membrane development [85]. These roles are reflected in the subcellular and tissue distribution of PG.…”

Section: Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is phosphatidylglycerol essential for terrestrial life?

Furse

2016

J Chem Biol

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Lipids are of increasing importance in understanding biological systems. Lipids carrying an anionic charge are noted in particular for their electrostatic interactions with both proteins and divalent cations. However, the biological, analytical, chemical and biophysical data of such species are rarely considered together, limiting our ability to assess the true role of such lipids in vivo. In this review, evidence from a range of studies about the lipid phosphatidylglycerol is considered. This evidence supports the conclusions that this lipid is ubiquitous in living systems and generally of low abundance but probably fundamental for terrestrial life. Possible reasons for this are discussed and further questions posed.

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Phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis is required for the development of embryos and normal membrane structures of chloroplasts and mitochondria in Arabidopsis

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

Membrane Glycerolipid Remodeling Triggered by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Starvation inPhaeodactylum tricornutum

Membrane Glycerolipid Remodeling Triggered by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Starvation inPhaeodactylum tricornutum

Isolation and characterization of a phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase1, PGPP1, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Is phosphatidylglycerol essential for terrestrial life?

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