Phosphine-Induced Alterations in Microsomal Enzymes of a Stored Grain Pest Trogoderma granarium Collected from Godowns of Punjab, Pakistan

Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth and Deltamethrin Alone and in Combinations on Mortality and Energy Reserves of Insecticide Resistant Strains of Stored Grain Pest, Trogoderma granarium

“…Different larval stages i.e. 1 st , 2 nd, 3 rd , 4 th , 5 th , 6 th and adult beetles were maintained in sterilized jam jars (300ml) separately in a culture room at 30 ± 1°C and 65±5% relative humidity (R.H) according to Riaz et al (2014Riaz et al ( , 2018. To culture the T. granarium wheat grain, were used as a culture media.…”

“…After 32±2 days of developmental period, hundred newly emerged adults were resealed again in another set of jars containing flour for egg laying. This process was repeated 4-5 times to attain homogenous populations (Riaz et al, 2018). From this homogenous culture, after 15±2 days of egg hatching, 4 th instar larvae were collected for estimation of LC 50 and other toxicological studies.…”

Laboratory Evaluation of Selected Botanical and Microbial Formulations against Khapra Beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

“…Khapra beetle (T. granarium) is an economical primary pest of stored grains in tropical and subtropical areas including Pakistan and has attained resistance against such commonly used chemicals as phosphine, methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride etc. (Ahmedani et al, 2007b;Honey et al, 2017;Riaz et al, 2018;Wakil et al, 2021). Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate some promising biorational insecticidal treatments including four local botanical extracts and two entomopathogenic formulations against 5 th instar larvae of T. granarium under laboratory conditions.…”

“…Indiscriminate and wide use of these synthetic grain protectants have also resulted in several residual effects and ecological consequences such as development of insect pest resistance, pest resurgence and human health hazards (Satya et al, 2016). For instance, populations of T. granarium have been reported from all over the world to develop resistance against phosphine and other extensively used grain protectants (Ahmedani et al, 2007b;Honey et al, 2017;Riaz et al, 2018;Yadav et al, 2020;Wakil et al, 2021).…”

Biochemical Toxic Response of Phosphine on Human Health Estimated From Enzymatic Variance in Trogoderma granarium

“…The larvae of this beetle are proficient in penetrating through the pericarp (an outer covering or layer of the fruit or seed) and consume all the edible portions of those stored products, causing a substantial dropping in weight and quality of crop reservoirs on a large scale. 3 Furthermore, T. granarium has minimal spread ability, and it utterly depends on humanitarian aid and support as it is incapable of flying. Therefore, poor handling negligence in storing and transporting protocols may result in the proliferation of these pests.…”