“…As KRAS has been frequently observed to be mutated in pancreatic cancer, attempts have been developed to generate effective RAS inhibitors as well as additional signaling molecules in this pathway. Attempts to inhibit the RAS/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1/GSK-3 and other signaling pathways have been a central focus in many basic science laboratories and pharmaceutical companies for over three decades due to the involvement oncogenes in this pathway in human cancers (Yang et al, 2013;Fitzgerald et al, 2015;McCubrey et al, 2015;Anderson et al, 2016;Banfic et al, 2016;Cocco et al, 2016;Erneux et al, 2016;Falasca and Ferro, 2016;Fields et al, 2016;Geck and Toker, 2016;Maczis et al, 2016;Perdios et al, 2016;Pyne et al, 2016;Scarlata et al, 2016;Scoumanne et al, 2016;Tanaka et al, 2016;Ando et al, 2017;Carman and Han, 2017;Fujisawa, 2017;Geffken and Spiegel, 2017;Guo et al, 2017;Jang et al, 2017;Leonard and Johnson, 2017;Liu et al, 2017;Matsuzawa, 2017;McCubrey et al, 2017aMcCubrey et al, , 2017bMcCubrey et al, , 2017cMcCubrey et al, , 2017dObsil and Obsilova, 2017;Okazaki, 2017;Pyne et al, 2017;Ramos et al, 2017;Ratti et al, 2017;Rebello et al, 2017;Roth and Frohman, 2017;Rusnak and Fu, 2017;…”