Phospholipid composition of the granular amebocyte from the horseshoe crab, <i>Limulus polyphemus</i>

MacPherson, Jennifer C.; Pavlovich, J.; Jacobs, Robert S.

doi:10.1007/s11745-998-0290-y

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the results reported differed from a later study conducted on the same species and other bivalve species, the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria (total n-3 PUFA < 43% in CL of both species) (23). High amounts of both n-3 and n-6 PUFA in CL were reported in marine animals although no specific PUFA was found to be predominant in CL (10,24,25). In the three bivalve species analyzed, the DorCL mass spectrum, showed that the molecular form with four docosahexaenoyl chains (Do 4 CL) was the main peak.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Evidence of a tetradocosahexaenoic cardiolipin in some marine bivalves

Kraffe

Soudant

Marty

et al. 2002

Lipids

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Separation of phospholipid classes in lipid extracts from the scallop Pecten maximus, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and the blue mussel Mytilus edulis was conducted using HPLC. An isolated polar lipid fraction was found to contain a very high level of DHA, up to 80 mol% of the total FA. MS with electrospray ionization in the positive-ion mode, tandem MS (MS-MS) and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy were used to analyze the detailed chemical structure of this polar lipid fraction. The isolated fraction contained exclusively cardiolipin (CL) molecules, predominantly in a form with four docosahexaenoyl chains (Do4CL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such a CL form has been analytically characterized and described in these three bivalve species. This tetradocosahexaenoic CL is presumed to reflect a specific adaptation in bivalves that enhances the structural and functional mechanisms of biomembranes in response to variations in environmental conditions (temperature, salinity, emersion).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Evidence of a tetradocosahexaenoic cardiolipin in some marine bivalves

Kraffe

Soudant

Marty

et al. 2002

Lipids

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“…It appears that certain long‐chain PUFAs in microalgae, particularly EPA, may result in an increase in haemolymph amoebocyte viability and amoebocyte GS state in juvenile horseshoe crabs. MacPherson, Pavlovich and Jacobs () revealed that, in the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus, amoebocytes contained a very high percentage (46%) of 20‐carbon PUFAs, particularly EPA and arachidonic (AA; 20:4 n –3). With an open circulatory system, horseshoe crabs must be able to react rapidly to invading microorganisms or injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With an open circulatory system, horseshoe crabs must be able to react rapidly to invading microorganisms or injury. The predominance of EPA and AA may play a significant role in the rapid degranulation of viable amoebocytes during immune responses towards pathogens or external injury (MacPherson et al 1998), so that amoebocyte degranulation can further promote the release of clotting proteins from the amoebocyte granules (Iwanaga, Miyata, Tokunaga & Muta 1992). Van der Horst, Oudejans, Plug and Van der Sluis (1973) also showed that EPA was the predominant PUFA for eggs (10%) and most body tissues of L. polyphemus, including hepatopancreas (15%), gonads (13%), gut (16%), heart (17%), muscles (6%), gills (13%) and carapace (7%).…”

Section: Variations Of Haemolymph Cellular Parameters In Response To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine microalgae as dietary supplements in the culture of juvenile Chinese horseshoe crabs,Tachypleus tridentatus(Xiphosura)

et al. 2016

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Five treatments (short‐neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum and four formulated diets with the green microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta or the golden‐brown microalgae Isochrysis galbana in the ratio (dw/dw) of 5% or 10% to that of clam meat) were used to investigate the growth performance and haemolymph quality of juvenile Chinese horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus under laboratory culture. At the end of the 12‐week study, various growth and moulting indicators as well as haemolymph biochemical parameters did not show any significant differences among the treatments. Significantly higher percentages of haemolymph amoebocyte viability and granular‐spherical amoebocyte state were noted in both 5% and 10% I. galbana‐supplemented diets compared to that of clam meat. However, the percentages of these two haemolymph parameters in juveniles fed with D. tertiolecta decreased significantly at the end of the experiment. Such differences were attributed to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in I. galbana that was absent in D. tertiolecta and clam meat. Like many marine invertebrates, juvenile horseshoe crabs do not naturally obtain sufficient PUFAs from their diets to meet developmental and physiological needs; hence, supplementing microalgae with high levels of EPA in a protein‐rich diet boosts immune competence and the health status of juvenile horseshoe crabs while under culture.

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“…There are several methods for quantifying plasmalogen that measure either plasmalogen aldehydes with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazones 9,10 , iodine caught in a vinyl-ether bond 11 , lyso-PE with thin layer chromatography TLC 1,2,12 , dimethyl acetal DMA with gas chromatography GC 13,14 or plasmalogen derivatives by phospholipase C treatment followed by TLC or high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC 15,16 . However, these methods have some drawbacks in terms of convenience and sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%