Phospholipids and Glycolipids of Sterol-requiring<i>Mycoplasma</i>

Smith, Paul F.; Koostra, W. L.

doi:10.1128/jb.93.6.1853-1862.1967

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Neutral lipids were eluted with 300 ml of chloroform, glycolipids with 700 ml of acetone, and polar lipids with 200 ml of methanol. In some instances, the polar lipids were partially separated on the silicic acid column by using the following sequence and volumes of solvents: chloroform-methanol (4,11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids of a T Strain of Mycoplasma

1972

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Cholesterol, free fatty acids, and phosphatidic acid are the predominant lipids of a T strain of Mycoplasma. The remaining neutral lipids are composed of cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, and diglycerides. Three glucose-containing glycolipids are present in trace amounts. In addition to phosphatidic acid, the phospholipids are comprised of phosphatidyl glycerol, diphosphatidyl glycerol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Another polar lipid was found to be ninhydrin-positive and phosphate-free. It appears to be a diamino hydroxy compound containing adjacent fatty acid ester and N-acyl groups. 565 on July 31, 2020 by guest

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids of a T Strain of Mycoplasma

1972

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“…Phosphatidyl glycerol presumably contributes to the in situ ability of pulmonary surfactant to lower surface tension (11,14,41); however, the magnitude of this contribution to surface activity is not clear, but it is less than that of PPL. All mycoplasmas appear to possess phosphatidyl glycerol (9,33,40,44,49,50,52). Mycoplasmas may disrupt the activity of pulmonary surfactant through interference with the metabolism of not only phosphatidyl glycerol but also the surfaceactive pulmonary component phosphatidyl ethanolamine (18,40) and the phospholipid precursor dihydroxyacetone (1,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lecithin Changes in Murine Mycoplasma pulmonis Respiratory Infection

1979

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We examined the lipid content of bronchoalveolar (BA) washes from both mice and rats infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis, an etiological agent of murine pneumonia. During a 30-day period after intranasal inoculation, the total lipid content from infected and control rats (in milligrams per animal) remained relatively equal and unchanged. The saturated, unsaturated, and total lecithin contents in infected rats (in milligrams per animal) all increased. The maximum lecithin values were detected at 7 to 10 days after infection; later, the levels fell to control values. There was essentially no change in any lecithin value from uninfected animals. Although in BA washes from infected animals the mass of disaturated lecithins increased, the percentage of this fraction in the total lecithin pool decreased. The fatty acids of the lecithins from BA washes of infected mice had significantly less palmitic and significantly more oleic and linoleic acids than the lecithins isolated from the BA washes of control animals. Both the relative decrease in the mass of disaturated lecithins in the BA washes and the increase in the percentage of esterified unsaturated fatty acids in the lecithins may be directly related to the reduced lung function reported to occur during the course of murine M. pulmonis pneumonia.Excised lungs from rodents infected with a mycoplasma or influenza virus are more difficult to distend, i.e. have lower pulmonary compliance, than those from animals free of respiratory disease (22,53). There are two major determinants of lung compliance: surface tension at the air-tissue interface and elasticity of the lung tissue. In the case of these infections, the lower compliance was due primarily to increased surface tension rather than to changes in the elasticity of lung tissue. Loosli et al. (25) also have shown a decrease in the pulmonary surface properties of mice infected with influenza virus A.Pulmonary surfactant, a lipoprotein material which coats the alveolar walls, is responsible for decreasing surface tension at the air-tissue interface in lungs (31). By decreasing alveolar surface tension, surfactant reduces the work required to inflate the lungs. Surfactant also promotes alveolar stability at low lung volumes and minimizes pulmonary transcapillary pressure gradients (30). An increase in surface tension is reflected by a decrease in the compliance of the lungs.Klaus et al. (21) established that the active material in pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid. The major active component has been identified as a disaturated lecithin, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (4,19,29,64). It is not clear whether other components of pulmonary surfactant contribute to the modification of surface forces occurring in situ or of those observed in experiments using alveolar washes (18,20,26,45). Several investigators have demonstrated a relationship between changes in lung compliance and either respiratory infection or altered lung surfactant, or both. Hakuno (13) found low surface activity and lowered levels of saturated fatty...

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“…PG and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) occur in most Mycoplasma species. The amount of lipids varies with species and the age of the culture (Smith and Koostra, 1967). The fatty acids distribution in the phospholipids mimics the distribution of the fatty acids in the culture medium.…”

Section: Phospholipids In Mycoplasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

A genomically/chemically complete module for synthesis of lipid membrane in a minimal cell

Castellanos

Kushiro

Lai

et al. 2006

Biotech & Bioengineering

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A minimal cell is a hypothetical cell defined by the essential functions required for life. We have developed a module for the synthesis of membrane precursors for a mathematical minimal cell model. This module describes, with chemical and genomic detail the production of the constituents required to build a cell membrane and identifies the corresponding essential genes. Membranes allow selective nutrient passage, harmful substance exclusion, and energy generation. Bacterial membrane components range from lipids to fatty acids with embedded proteins and are structurally similar to eukaryotic cell membranes. Membranes are dynamic structures and experimental analyses show great variations in bacterial membrane composition. The flexibility of the model is such that different membrane compositions could be obtained in response to simulated changes in culture conditions. The model's predictions are in close agreement with the observed biological trends. The model's predictions correspond well with the experimental values of total lipid content in cells grown in chemostat culture, but less well with data from batch growth. Cell shape and size results agree especially well for data for growth rate relative to maximum growth rate larger than 0.5; and DNA, RNA, and protein predictions are consistent with experimental observations. A better understanding of the simplest bacterial membrane should lead to insights on the more complex behavior of membranes of higher species as well as identification of potential targets for antimicrobials.

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Phospholipids and Glycolipids of Sterol-requiringMycoplasma

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

Lipids of a T Strain of Mycoplasma

Lipids of a T Strain of Mycoplasma

Lecithin Changes in Murine Mycoplasma pulmonis Respiratory Infection

A genomically/chemically complete module for synthesis of lipid membrane in a minimal cell

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