Phosphor thermometry in heat transfer fluids and liquid organic hydrogen carrier systems using (Sr,Ca)SiAlN₃:Eu²⁺

Abstract

Temperature control in heat exchangers in reacting and non-reacting flows is of great importance for process optimization. In this context, phosphor thermometry is a promising technique for remote planar temperature sensing. The thermometry technique is based on exciting a luminescent material by a laser pulse and analysing the subsequent phosphorescence signal. A particular interesting application is chemical hydrogen storage using liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) systems. The knowledge of temperature fields is of special interest for the characterisation and understanding of hydrogen release from the carrier liquid. We investigated the luminescence properties of the thermographic phosphor (Sr,Ca)SiAIN3:Eu2+ (“SCASN:Eu2+”) dispersed in different heat transfer fluids, in particular LOHC systems, using a newly developed calibration cell. As heat transfer fluids may be excited to fluorescence by the laser as well, their absorption and florescence behaviour is studied to develop an excitation and detection concept for thermometry. We found strong absorption of the heat transfer fluids from the UV range to a wavelength of about 400 nm. In addition, fluorescence signals were found in the visible wavelength range, which can interfere with the phosphor emissions. These fluorescence signals should therefore be circumvented by utilizing the different luminescence decay times in the chosen detection strategy. For thermometry, the SCASN:Eu2+ particles were excited by a laser sheet of a 532 nm Nd:YAG laser. A spectrometer and photomultiplier tube (PMT) were used to detect the emission spectrum and phosphorescence decay time. Two temperature evaluation strategies were applied, which are based on either the intensity ratio of two spectral emission regions (two-colour laser-induced phosphorescence) or the phosphorescence decay time. The results obtained show an applicable measurement range between 293 K and 598 K for the intensity ratio method with a maximum relative sensitivity of 0.12 % K-1 at 293 K. For the phosphorescence decay time method, the phosphor allows measurements between 423 K and 598 K with a maximum relative sensitivity of 0.56 % K-1 at 598 K.

A novel laser-induced fluorescence concept for thermometry measurements in machining lubricoolants

“…By a tracer dissolved in a liquid [6] or by the liquid itself. Here aromatic components, which are present in lubricants or fuels, commonly absorb in the UV-region [7,8]. The LIF signal depends on various factors.…”

“…The temperature sensitivity mainly depends on the tracer itself and the polarity of the solvent. In principle, laser-induced phosphorescence could be applicable for liquid and two-phase thermometry as well, but in this case the seeding of particles to the liquid is challenging and particle agglomeration may occur, which may introduce large errors [8,9].…”

Spectral Investigations of Fluorescence Tracers in Automotive and Aviation Fuels under Cryogenic Conditions

“…A fluorescence signal can be created in two ways: using a so-called "tracer" dissolved in a liquid [21] or using the liquid itself (e.g., the aromatic components in lubricants or fuels) [22][23][24]. The fluorescence signal is governed by the spectral properties (absorption and emission) of the tracer and many more properties (such as the solvent, temperature, utilized illumination source (e.g., a laser, LED, and the respective excitation wavelength), bandwidth, and irradiation).…”

“…The temperature sensitivity is mainly governed by the tracer itself and the polarity of the solvent. Laser-induced phosphorescence (LIP) could also be applicable for liquid and two-phase thermometry, but the seeding of particles into the liquid is very challenging, and particle agglomeration may occur, which may lead to large measurement errors [23,25].…”