Phosphoric acid and various transition metal salt solutions as a combined etchant and activator prior to the use of an anaerobic adhesive

Bonding to enamel using alternative Enamel Conditioner/etchants

“…ZON is based on the lewis acidic metal salt zirconium oxynitrate or ZrO(NO3)2, which is highly soluble in water [39,40]. Previous research involved the preparation of transition metal salt solutions mixed with 37% phosphoric acid, to be used as a combined etchant and activator prior to the use of an anaerobic adhesive [41]. Limited data on the etching efficacy of this metal salt-based etchant on enamel is available in literature.…”