Phosphorus and Nitrogen-Containing Polyols: Synergistic Effect on the Thermal Property and Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Composites

Yuan, Yao; Yang, Hongyu; Yu, Bin; Shi, Yongqian; Wang, Weixu; Song, Lei; Hu, Yuan; Zhang, Yongming

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02942

Cited by 164 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…First, the synergy between EG and other FRs can achieve excellent flame retardancy, so that the amount of EG can be reduced. For examples, the combination of EG with dimethyl methylphosphonate or aluminum hydroxide or ammonium polyphosphate (APP) can significantly improve the flame retardancy of RPUF by the combined actions of the villi‐like or spherical matter and the “worm‐like” char layer . Second, modification of EG can reduce its sulfur content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different size‐modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, physical, and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam

Pang

Xin

Shi

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this study, three different sizes of tripolyphosphate‐modified expandable graphite (EGp) are prepared and incorporated into rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) in order to obtain a flame retardant material with low density, good mechanical properties, and hydrophobicity. The influence of particle size on material combustibility, thermal stability, compression strength, pore cell structure, diathermancy, and hydrophobic property is investigated. Synergistic effect between the EGp and ammonium polyphosphate (APP II) is also examined. Results show the limiting oxygen index value and residue yield increase as the EGp size increases. On the contrary, the heat release rate and total heat release decrease as the EGP size increases. In addition, the chemical char formation effect of APP on RPUF is more important than the char formation of the graphite intercalation compounds. EGp and APP show synergistic effect in improving flame retardancy, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1381–1394 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different size‐modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, physical, and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam

Pang

Xin

Shi

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…PU foam exhibited a two‐stage degradation process and nearly reached total degradation with a low residual ratio of 1.1%. The first weight loss region between 230 and 330 °C is attributed to the depolymerization of the urethane groups and the other one in the range 330–410 °C is caused by the degradation of the soft segments . The main decomposition of MF occurred at 350–380 °C and ultimately attained a high weight ratio of 28.4%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former technology is simple and many commercial FRs can be selected, but this easily brings about deterioration of mechanical properties due to the poor compatibility of FRs with PU resin . The latter is free of such problems, but usually involves greater efforts to develop a new prepolymer containing flame‐retardant elements . For instance, Rao et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flame‐retardant composite foam: foaming polyurethane in melamine formaldehyde foam skeleton

Liao

Yuan

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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A composite foam, polyurethane–melamine formaldehyde (PU/MF) foam, was prepared through foaming PU resins in the three‐dimensional netlike skeleton of MF foam. The chemical structure, morphology, cell size and distribution, flame retardancy, thermal properties and mechanical properties of such composite foam were systematically investigated. It was found that the PU/MF foam possessed better fire retardancy than pristine PU foam and achieved self‐extinguishment. Moreover, no melt dripping occurred due to the contribution of the carbonized MF skeleton network. In order to further improve the flame retardancy of the composite foam, a small amount of a phosphorus flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate) and a char‐forming agent (pentaerythritol) were incorporated into the foam, together with the nitrogen‐rich MF, thus constituting an intumescent flame‐retardant (IFR) system. Owing to the IFR system, the flame‐retardant PU/MF foam can generate a large bulk of expanded char acting as an efficient shielding layer to hold back the diffusion of heat and oxygen. As a result, the flame‐retardant PU/MF foam achieved a higher limiting oxygen index of 31.2% and exhibited immediate self‐extinguishment. It exhibited significantly reduced peak heat release rate and total heat release, as well as higher char residual ratio compared to PU foam. Furthermore, the composite foam also showed obviously improved mechanical performance in comparison with PU foam. Overall, the present investigation provided a new approach for fabricating a polymer composite foam with satisfactory flame retardancy and good comprehensive properties. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has been widely used in many fields, such as construction industry, transportation, packing, energy storage, due to its excellent properties. [1][2][3][4] Moreover, because of its low thermal conductivity and great insulating property, RPUFs are applied as the external wall insulation materials in recent years. 5,6 However, RPUF is highly flammable and can spread rapidly during the combustion, which may become a threat to people's safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi‐phase flame‐retardant effect of dimethyl methylphosphonate and modified ammonium polyphosphate on rigid polyurethane foam

Chen

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) with dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and modified ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) were prepared. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was improved by adding DMMP into RPUF/MAPP composite; 10 wt% of DMMP addition can increase the LOI value from 24.3% to 26.0%, where the commercial application standard of RPUF is achieved. Further benefits of using DMMP/MAPP system included restraining of total heat and smoke release, improvement of thermal stability, and char yield of RPUF. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometer (GC‐MS) results indicated that DMMP/MAPP could continuously release PO2 and PO·free radicals in the gas phase. In addition, DMMP/MAPP exhibited the charring effect and barrier effect in the condensed phase, such bi‐flame retardant effect exerted by DMMP/MAPP resulted in the enhanced flame retardant property of RPUF.

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Phosphorus and Nitrogen-Containing Polyols: Synergistic Effect on the Thermal Property and Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Composites

Cited by 164 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of different size‐modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, physical, and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam

Effect of different size‐modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, physical, and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam

A flame‐retardant composite foam: foaming polyurethane in melamine formaldehyde foam skeleton

Bi‐phase flame‐retardant effect of dimethyl methylphosphonate and modified ammonium polyphosphate on rigid polyurethane foam

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