Phosphorus and the formation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas

Jasper, David; Robson, A. D.; Abbott, Lynette K.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(79)90009-9

Cited by 180 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In contrast with our observations, early studies showed that P inhibition decreases the numbers of vesicles Stribley et al, 1980;Abbott et al, 1984;Amijee et al, 1989: Bruce et al, 1994 and lengths of colonized regions (Sanders and Tinker, 1973;Jasper et al, 1979;Buwalda et al, 1982;Graham and Leonard, 1982;Smith, 1982;Amijee et al, 1989;Miranda et al, 1989;Smith and Gianinazzi-Pearson, 1990;Braunberger et al, 1991;Thomson et al, 1991;Baon et al, 1992;Bruce et al, 1994;Tawaraya et al, 1994). However, reduced intraradical fungal Figure 6.…”

Section: Short-term P Inhibition Versus Long-term P Inhibitioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Treatment Strongly Inhibits New Arbuscule Development But Not the Maintenance of Arbuscule in Mycorrhizal Rice Roots

et al. 2016

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-9997-490X (Y.K.); 0000-0001-8867-5085 (C.S.).Phosphorus (P) is a crucial nutrient for plant growth, but its availability to roots is limited in soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a promising strategy for improving plant P acquisition. However, P fertilizer reduces fungal colonization (P inhibition) and compromises mycorrhizal P uptake, warranting studies on the mechanistic basis of P inhibition. In this study, early morphological changes in P inhibition were identified in rice (Oryza sativa) using fungal cell wall staining and live-cell imaging of plant membranes that were associated with arbuscule life cycles. Arbuscule density decreased, and aberrant hyphal branching was observed in roots at 5 h after P treatment. Although new arbuscule development was severely inhibited, preformed arbuscules remained intact and longevity remained constant. P inhibition was accelerated in the rice pt11-1 mutant, which lacks P uptake from arbuscule branches, suggesting that mature arbuscules are stabilized by the symbiotic P transporter under high P condition. Moreover, P treatment led to increases in the number of vesicles, in which lipid droplets accumulated and then decreased within a few days. The development of new arbuscules resumed within by 2 d. Our data established that P strongly and temporarily inhibits new arbuscule development, but not intraradical accommodation of AM fungi.

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Section: Short-term P Inhibition Versus Long-term P Inhibitioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Treatment Strongly Inhibits New Arbuscule Development But Not the Maintenance of Arbuscule in Mycorrhizal Rice Roots

et al. 2016

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“…Thomson et al (1986) observed a similar effect wben tbey decreased tbe concentrations of soluble carbobydrates in the roots of subterranean clover by increasing tbe supply of P to the plant but were unable to separate effects of increased concentrations of P (Mosse, 1973) and decreased concentrations of soluble carbohydrates (Jasper et al, 1979;Same et al, 1983) in roots on tbe extent of infection by the mycorrbizal fungi. In our study, treatments that decreased the concentrations of soluble carbobydrates in roots were not always associated with increased concentrations of P in the plant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mycorrhizas formed by Gigaspora calospora and Glomus fasciculatum on subterranean clover in relation to soluble carbohydrate concentrations in roots

1990

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SUMMARYAt several times during plant growth, we compared the effects of two irradiances (plants were either not shaded or were shaded to reduce 60-70",, of the photon flux in the glasshouse) and two concentrations of soil phosphorus (P) (35 and 105 //g P g-' soil) on the formation of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizas on Trifolium siibtcrraiicinii L. by Gigaspora calospora (Nicol. & Gerd.) Cierd. and by Glomus fascicidotiim (Thaxter sensti Cierd.) Gerd. Sr Trappe.By the fifth week from sowing, the proportion of root length infected by both G. calospora and G. fascicidatum was reduced in plants grown at the greater concentration of P and in plants grown without shade. These eflects were associated with decreased concentrations of soluble carbohydrates in roots at earlier harvests. Decreased concentrations of soluble carbohydrates in the roots of unshaded plants were not associated with increased concentrations of P in the plant.The percentage of root length infected by G. calospora was decreased to a greater extent than that of G. fasciculatum with similar reductions in the concetitrations of soluble carbohydrates in roots. This effect tnav partlv e.xplain why the percentage of root length infected by G. calospora is more sensitive than that of G. fasciculnliim to increasing P supply. G. calospora and G. fascicidatum may also differ in the extent to which P may directly affect their ability to form mycorrhizas.The effects of P supply and shading on the percentage of root length infected by G. calospora and by G. fascicidatum were not apparent before the fourth week from sowing. These factors may have affected the ability of the mycorrhizal fungi to spread by secondary infections.

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“…The same holds true for the regulation of AM by the phosphate availability for the plant. High levels of available phosphate (Mosse, 1973;Jasper et al, 1979) as well as the inhibition of phosphate exchange by the knockout or down-regulation of AM-inducible phosphate transporters (Maeda et al, 2006;Javot et al, 2007) can suppress the mycorrhization. In contrast, there are only limited data about regulation of AM formation by the carbon aspect of this interaction, although previous studies revealed a link between phosphate and carbon availability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhization by Carbon. The Symbiotic Interaction Cannot Be Improved by Increased Carbon Availability Accomplished by Root-Specifically Enhanced Invertase Activity

Schaarschmidt

González²,

Roitsch³

et al. 2007

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

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The mutualistic interaction in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is characterized by an exchange of mineral nutrients and carbon. The major benefit of AM, which is the supply of phosphate to the plant, and the stimulation of mycorrhization by low phosphate fertilization has been well studied. However, less is known about the regulatory function of carbon availability on AM formation. Here the effect of enhanced levels of hexoses in the root, the main form of carbohydrate used by the fungus, on AM formation was analyzed. Modulation of the root carbohydrate status was performed by expressing genes encoding a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)-derived invertase, which was directed to different subcellular locations. Using tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) alcTcwINV plants, the yeast invertase was induced in the whole root system or in root parts. Despite increased hexose levels in these roots, we did not detect any effect on the colonization with Glomus intraradices analyzed by assessment of fungal structures and the level of fungus-specific palmitvaccenic acid, indicative for the fungal carbon supply, or the plant phosphate content. Roots of Medicago truncatula, transformed to express genes encoding an apoplast-, cytosol-, or vacuolar-located yeastderived invertase, had increased hexose-to-sucrose ratios compared to b-glucuronidase-transformed roots. However, transformations with the invertase genes did not affect mycorrhization. These data suggest the carbohydrate supply in AM cannot be improved by root-specifically increased hexose levels, implying that under normal conditions sufficient carbon is available in mycorrhizal roots. In contrast, tobacco rolCTppa plants with defective phloem loading and tobacco pyk10TInvInh plants with decreased acid invertase activity in roots exhibited a diminished mycorrhization.Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) represents a widespread mutualistic association between soil-born fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota and most land plants. The AM interaction enables the plant to improve its supply of water and mineral nutrients, mainly phosphate. In return, the obligate biotrophic AM fungi are provided with carbon. In the Arum-type interaction, as analyzed here between Glomus sp. and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) or Medicago truncatula, the AM fungus colonizes the cortical cells by formation of intra-and intercellular hyphae and very characteristic haustorialike structures, the highly branched intracellular arbuscules. When the carbon supply is sufficient, lipid-rich vesicles are formed intercellularly within the cortex, as fungal storage organs. Intracellular fungal structures are separated from the plant cytoplasm by an extension of the plasma membrane, forming the periarbuscular membrane surrounding the arbuscule. The greatly increased surfaces of host and arbuscule plasma membranes offers optimized conditions for effective nutrient exchange via the established symbiotic interface (for review, see Gianinazzi-Pearson et al., 1996;Harrison, 1999).The exchange of phosphate via the periarbuscular interface and th...

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Phosphorus and the formation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas

Cited by 180 publications

References 15 publications

Phosphate Treatment Strongly Inhibits New Arbuscule Development But Not the Maintenance of Arbuscule in Mycorrhizal Rice Roots

Phosphate Treatment Strongly Inhibits New Arbuscule Development But Not the Maintenance of Arbuscule in Mycorrhizal Rice Roots

Mycorrhizas formed by Gigaspora calospora and Glomus fasciculatum on subterranean clover in relation to soluble carbohydrate concentrations in roots

Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhization by Carbon. The Symbiotic Interaction Cannot Be Improved by Increased Carbon Availability Accomplished by Root-Specifically Enhanced Invertase Activity

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