Phosphorus: Back to the Roots

Lambers, Hans; Plaxton, William C.

doi:10.1002/9781118958841.ch1

Cited by 57 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…The predominant source of P for plants, soil soluble inorganic phosphate (Pi), can be chemically adsorbed/precipitated and assimilated by soil microbes, resulting in poor availability and mobility. Plants rely on root phosphate transporters (PTs) to acquire soluble Pi from the soil solution, in which it is commonly present at micromolar level (Ló pez-Arredondo et al, 2014;Lambers and Plaxton, 2015). Once entering the root symplast, Pi is metabolized in the cytosol, or transported into neighboring cells or to organelles, among which the vacuole serves as a temporary reservoir (Liu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Regulation of Plant Phosphate Transporters and the Gap between Molecular Mechanisms and Practical Application: What Is Missing?

et al. 2016

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It has been almost 25 years since the first report of the gene encoding a high-affinity phosphate transporter (PT), PHO84, in yeast. Since then, an increasing number of yeast PHO84 homologs as well as other genes encoding proteins with phosphate (Pi) transport activities have been identified and functionally characterized in diverse plant species. Great progress has been made also in deciphering the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of the abundance and/or activity of these genes and their products. The regulatory genes affect plant Pi homeostasis commonly through direct or indirect regulation of the abundance of PTs at different levels. However, little has been achieved in the use of PTs for developing genetically modified crops with high phosphorus use efficiency (PUE). This might be a consequence of overemphasizing Pi uptake from the rhizosphere and lack of knowledge about the roles of PTs in Pi transport and recycling within the plant that are required to optimize PUE. Here, we mainly focused on the genes encoding proteins with Pi transport activities and the emerging understanding of their regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. In addition, we propose potential strategies for effective use of PTs in improving plant growth and development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Regulation of Plant Phosphate Transporters and the Gap between Molecular Mechanisms and Practical Application: What Is Missing?

et al. 2016

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“…Leaf [N] and [P] were lower under the humidification treatment ( Table 5 ) as a result of decreased transpirational flux ( Kupper et al, 2011 ), while an especially considerable decrease appeared in [P]. Unlike N nutrition, only a small (1–5%) amount of plant P demand comes via mass flow ( Lambers and Plaxton, 2015 ), and plant P uptake depends mainly on functioning and properties of the roots. Since photosynthetic capacity of silver birch declines under elevated RH ( Sellin et al, 2013 ), less photosynthates supporting P acquisition likely can be spent for roots and rhizosphere microorganisms in H plots, resulting in diminished nutrient acquisition, especially P uptake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated air humidity affects hydraulic traits and tree size but not biomass allocation in young silver birches (Betula pendula)

et al. 2015

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As changes in air temperature, precipitation, and air humidity are expected in the coming decades, studies on the impact of these environmental shifts on plant growth and functioning are of major importance. Greatly understudied aspects of climate change include consequences of increasing air humidity on forest ecosystems, predicted for high latitudes. The main objective of this study was to find a link between hydraulic acclimation and shifts in trees’ resource allocation in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in response to elevated air relative humidity (RH). A second question was whether the changes in hydraulic architecture depend on tree size. Two years of application of increased RH decreased the biomass accumulation in birch saplings, but the biomass partitioning among aboveground parts (leaves, branches, and stems) remained unaffected. Increased stem Huber values (xylem cross-sectional area to leaf area ratio) observed in trees under elevated RH did not entail changes in the ratio of non-photosynthetic to photosynthetic tissues. The reduction of stem–wood density is attributable to diminished mechanical load imposed on the stem, since humidified trees had relatively shorter crowns. Growing under higher RH caused hydraulic conductance of the root system (KR) to increase, while KR (expressed per unit leaf area) decreased and leaf hydraulic conductance increased with tree size. Saplings of silver birch acclimate to increasing air humidity by adjusting plant morphology (live crown length, slenderness, specific leaf area, and fine-root traits) and wood density rather than biomass distribution among aboveground organs. The treatment had a significant effect on several hydraulic properties of the trees, while the shifts were largely associated with changes in tree size but not in biomass allocation.

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“…We further investigated the expression of these 32 genes (hereafter referred to as the ‘32 P-remobilisation related genes (PRGs)’; see list in S5 Table ) in the present study at 8 DAA and 16 DAA in both treatment (P withdrawn) and control samples. Further, given the critical role of Pi transporter family 1 (PHT1) genes in Pi uptake from roots and remobilisation in vegetative tissues [ 33 ], the expression of PHT1 genes ( OsPT1 to OsPT13 ) was analysed at 8 DAA and 16 DAA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional response of rice flag leaves to restricted external phosphorus supply during grain filling in rice cv. IR64

et al. 2018

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Plant phosphorus (P) remobilisation during leaf senescence has fundamental implications for global P cycle fluxes. Hypothesising that genes involved in remobilisation of P from leaves during grain filling would show altered expression in response to P deprivation, we investigated gene expression in rice flag leaves at 8 days after anthesis (DAA) and 16 DAA in plants that received a continuous supply of P in the nutrient solution vs plants where P was omitted from the nutrient solution for 8 consecutive days prior to measurement. The transcriptional response to growth in the absence of P differed between the early stage (8 DAA) and the later stage (16 DAA) of grain filling. At 8 DAA, rice plants maintained production of energy substrates through upregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis. In contrast, at 16 DAA carbon substrates were produced by degradation of structural polysaccharides and over 50% of highly upregulated genes in P-deprived plants were associated with protein degradation and nitrogen/amino acid transport, suggesting withdrawal of P from the nutrient solution led to accelerated senescence. Genes involved in liberating inorganic P from the organic P compounds and vacuolar P transporters displayed differential expression depending on the stage of grain filling stage and timing of P withdrawal.

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Phosphorus: Back to the Roots

Cited by 57 publications

References 131 publications

Complex Regulation of Plant Phosphate Transporters and the Gap between Molecular Mechanisms and Practical Application: What Is Missing?

Complex Regulation of Plant Phosphate Transporters and the Gap between Molecular Mechanisms and Practical Application: What Is Missing?

Elevated air humidity affects hydraulic traits and tree size but not biomass allocation in young silver birches (Betula pendula)

Transcriptional response of rice flag leaves to restricted external phosphorus supply during grain filling in rice cv. IR64

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