Phosphorus export from drained Scots pine mires after clear-felling and bioenergy harvesting

Kaila, Annu; Sarkkola, Sakari; Laurén, Ari; Ukonmaanaho, Liisa; Koivusalo, Harri; Xiao, Liwen; O’Driscoll, Connie; Asam, Zaki-ul-Zaman; Tervahauta, Arja; Nieminen, Mika

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.025

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The analysis of the clearcutting effects on WTL was based on the paired treatment approach (also called the calibration period control area method) (e.g., Kaila et al, 2014;Laurén et al, 2009). We first calculated linear regressions between the WTL within the control and clear-cut areas for the pre-treatment period using the WTL logger data from 2015.…”

Section: Water Table Level Measurements and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clearcutting

Korkiakoski¹,

Tuovinen²,

Penttilä³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The most common forest management method in Fennoscandia is rotation forestry including clearcutting and forest regeneration. In clearcutting, stem wood is removed and the logging residues are either removed or left on site. Clearcutting changes the microclimate and vegetation structure at the site, both of which impact the site's carbon balance. Peat soils with poor aeration and high carbon (C) densities are especially prone to such changes, and significant changes in C stocks and greenhouse gas exchange can be expected. We measured carbon dioxide (CO2) and energy fluxes with the eddy covariance method for two years (April 2016&#8211;March 2018) on a peatland drained for forestry. After the clearcutting, we observed a significant rise (23&#8201;cm) in the water table level. The site was also a large CO2 source (first year: 3086&#8201;&#177;&#8201;120&#8201;g&#8201;CO2&#8201;m&#8722;2yr&#8722;1, second year: 2072&#8201;&#177;&#8201;141&#8201;g&#8201;CO2&#8201;m&#8722;2&#8201;yr&#8722;1) after the clearcutting. These large CO2 emissions resulted from the collapse of gross primary production (GPP) following the removal of photosynthesizing trees and the decline of ground vegetation. During the second summer (June&#8211;August) after the clearcutting, GPP had already increased by 96&#8201;% and total ecosystem respiration decreased by 14&#8201;% from the previous summer. As a result, net CO2 emissions decreased during the second summer after clearcutting compared to the first one. The Bowen ratios were different in 2016 and 2017, starting at 2.6 in May 2016 and decreasing to less than 1.0 in August 2016, while in 2017 it varied mostly within 0.6&#8211;1.0. This was due to a 33&#8201;% decrease in the sensible heat flux and a 40&#8201;% increase in the latent heat flux from the 2016 values, probably due to the recovery of ground vegetation that increased evapotranspiration and albedo of the site. In addition to CO2 and energy fluxes, we measured methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes with manual chambers. After the clearcutting, the site turned from a small CH4 sink into a small source and from N2O-neutral to a significant N2O source. Compared to the large CO2 emissions, the global warming potential (GWP100) of the CH4 emissions was negligible. Also, the GWP100 due to increased N2O emissions was less than 10&#8201;% of that of the CO2 emission change.

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Section: Water Table Level Measurements and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clearcutting

Korkiakoski¹,

Tuovinen²,

Penttilä³

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Thus, many biogeochemical processes that may enhance nutrient losses and carbon emissions in EM forests because of high or low GWTs could plausibly be suppressed in CCF forests. For example, redox reactions that enhance phosphorus and carbon exports to water courses in clear-cut EM forests with high GWTs (Kaila et al 2014, Nieminen et al 2017b), could play a significantly smaller role in discharge water quality in CCF forests. Similarly, oxidation and mineralization of deep peat layers that may significantly enhance carbon and nutrient release from mature EM forests could have minor role in CCF forests.…”

Section: Sustaining Drainage Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil preparation, artificial regeneration, DNM and precommercial thinning each incur expenses, which can only be compensated for by the incomes from forest harvestings. From the environmental viewpoint, problems are caused particularly by sediment, nutrient and carbon release to receiving water bodies after DNM (Joensuu et al 1999 and clearcuts (Rodgers et al 2010, Kaila et al 2014, Nieminen et al 2015. A number of options have been proposed to manage water quality after DNM (Haahti et al 2018, Nieminen et al 2017b) and clear-cut (Nieminen et al 2017a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Could continuous cover forestry be an economically and environmentally feasible management option on drained boreal peatlands?

Nieminen

Hökkä

Laiho

et al. 2018

Forest Ecology and Management

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Environmental and economic performance of forestry on drained peatlands was reviewed to consider whether continuous cover forestry (CCF) could be a feasible alternative to even-aged management (EM). CCF was regarded feasible particularly because continuously maintaining a tree stand with significant transpiration and interception capacity would decrease the need for ditch network maintenance. Managing CCF forests in such a way that the ground water levels are lower than in clear-cut EM forests but higher than in mature EM forests could decrease greenhouse gas emissions and negative water quality impacts caused both by anoxic redox reactions and oxidation and mineralization of deep peat layers. Regeneration studies indicated potential for satisfactory natural regeneration under CCF on drained peatlands. An economic advantage in CCF over EM is that fewer investments are needed to establish the forest stand and sustain its growth. Thus, even if the growth of trees in CCF forests were lower than in EM forests, CCF could at least 2 in some peatland sites turn out to be a more profitable forest management regime. An advantage of CCF from the viewpoint of socially optimal forest management is that it plausibly reduces the negative externalities of management compared to EM. We propose that future research in drained peatland forests should focus on assessing the economic and environmental feasibility of CCF.

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“…Ditch maintenance may increase P fluxes out of the affected stands through the mobilization of sediments (Manninen 1998 ). Increases in both concentration and flux of particulate phosphorus may be seen even when soil disturbance is minimal as the increased runoff following clearfelling can flush fine sediments from ditches (Kaila et al 2014 ). The local scale effects of forestry operations on P cycling must be balanced against the observed long-term decline in tree mineral nutrition status and the increasing likelihood that forests are P limited (Jonard et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Forests and Forestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are direct negative effects of increased sediment loads on aquatic habitat (Stenberg et al 2015 ) as well as indirect effects associated with co-transport of nutrients and contaminants. Specifically, sediments can transport and subsequently release large amounts of P (Kaila et al 2014 ). More importantly, sediments can destroy aquatic habitats, smother spawning beds, cause the loss of fish populations, and severely alter the abundance and biodiversity of aquatic invertebrates (Burdon et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Forests and Forestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing and communicating management effects on forest water quality

Bishop

Högbom

Valinia

et al. 2016

Ambio

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We present a framework for evaluating and communicating effects of human activity on water quality in managed forests. The framework is based on the following processes: atmospheric deposition, weathering, accumulation, recirculation and flux. Impairments to water quality are characterized in terms of their extent, longevity and frequency. Impacts are communicated using a “traffic lights” metaphor for characterizing severity of water quality impairments arising from forestry and other anthropogenic pressures. The most serious impairments to water quality in managed boreal forests include (i) forestry activities causing excessive sediment mobilization and extirpation of aquatic species and (ii) other anthropogenic pressures caused by long-range transport of mercury and acidifying pollutants. The framework and tool presented here can help evaluate, summarize and communicate the most important issues in circumstances where land management and other anthropogenic pressures combine to impair water quality and may also assist in implementing the “polluter pays” principle.

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Phosphorus export from drained Scots pine mires after clear-felling and bioenergy harvesting

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clearcutting

Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clearcutting

Could continuous cover forestry be an economically and environmentally feasible management option on drained boreal peatlands?

Conceptualizing and communicating management effects on forest water quality

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