Phosphorus Release to Floodwater from Calcareous Surface Soils and Their Corresponding Subsurface Soils under Anaerobic Conditions

Jayarathne, P. D. K. D.; Kumaragamage, Darshani; Indraratne, S. P.; Flaten, Don; Goltz, Douglas M.

doi:10.2134/jeq2015.11.0547

Cited by 30 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…1a). Similar variability among soils in their response to flooding on pore water DRP concentrations has been previously observed (Amarawansha et al, 2015; Jayarathne et al, 2016) and was mainly attributed to the textural variability and initial soil P status. The decrease in DRP concentration in pore water in Pembina and Denham soil could be possibly due to the readsorption and/or coprecipitation of P with the released cations (Shober and Sims, 2009; Amarawansha et al, 2015; Jeke and Zvomuya, 2018).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Pore water concentrations of Fe increased to detectable levels by 56 DAF in all soils (Supplemental Fig. S2b), suggesting release of Fe through reductive dissolution of Fe compounds under anaerobic conditions, as previously observed in flooded soils (Amarawansha et al, 2015;Jayarathne et al, 2016).…”

Section: Changes In Iron and Manganese Concentrations In Pore Water Asupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The increase in floodwater DRP concentration with DAF suggests enhanced P release to pore water and effective diffusion of released P into floodwater through the oxidized surface layer. In the current study and in some previous studies (Amarawansha et al, 2015;Jayarathne et al, 2016), pore water DRP concentrations were greater than in floodwater, thus promoting upward diffusion of P from pore water to floodwater.…”

Section: Changes In Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus Concentrations In Psupporting

confidence: 61%

“…This effect, however, was not reflected in the differences of Fe and Mn concentrations in pore water and floodwater between the unamended and gypsum‐amended treatments, very likely due to the counteracting influence of increased acidity in gypsum‐amended treatments. In addition, pore water Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ , while diffusing to floodwater, may get reoxidized at the soil–water interface and form precipitates (Young and Ross, 2001; Amarawansha et al, 2015; Jayarathne et al, 2016), which may mask the effect of gypsum in reducing Fe and Mn concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In organic‐matter‐rich soils, mineralization of organic P is significant (Maranguit et al, 2017) and also may contribute to an enhanced inorganic P in soil solution. In flooded soils, microbially mediated reductive dissolution of Mn‐ and Fe‐bound phosphates and the release of occluded phosphates may occur depending on the degree of soil reduction (anaerobiosis), which may enhance P release to soil solution (Amarawansha et al, 2015; Jayarathne et al, 2016; Maranguit et al, 2017). During the early phase of flooding, when the soil still contains free O 2 , dissolution of Mg and Ca phosphates is more important for P release to soil solution (Jayarathne et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gypsum Amendment Reduces Redox‐Induced Phosphorous Release from Freshly Manured, Flooded Soils to Floodwater

et al. 2019

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The effectiveness of gypsum in reducing runoff P losses from soils and the mechanisms responsible are well documented; however, gypsum amendment effects in reducing redox‐induced P losses from flooded soils are less researched and documented. We examined the effect of gypsum amendment on P release from freshly manured soils to pore water and floodwater with continuous flooding for 56 d in the laboratory. Three soils (Pembina, Denham, and Dencross series) collected from Manitoba, Canada, were preincubated with liquid swine manure. Each preincubated manured soil was packed into vessels with or without recycled wallboard gypsum in triplicates and flooded for 56 d, during which pore water and floodwater were sampled weekly and analyzed for pH and dissolved reactive P (DRP), Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn concentrations. Change in soil redox potential (Eh) with flooding was also monitored. Wallboard gypsum amendment significantly decreased the pore water and surface floodwater DRP concentrations in all three soils for most days after flooding (DAF). The Dencross soil, which had Olsen P about fivefold greater than the other soils, showed the greatest magnitude decrease in DRP concentration with gypsum amendment, by 1.27 mg L−1 on 49 DAF and 0.99 mg L−1 on 21 DAF for pore water and floodwater, respectively. Gypsum amendment (i) delayed the Eh reduction with flooding beyond +200 mV, (ii) decreased pore water pH, and (iii) increased concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Mn in pore water favoring precipitation of P, all of which may have directly or indirectly reduced the P release from flooded soils to overlying floodwater. Core Ideas Floodwater P concentration increased with flooding time in all soils and treatments. Redox‐induced P release was less from gypsum‐amended than unamended soils. Gypsum amendment reduced both pore water and floodwater P concentrations. Adding gypsum reduced floodwater P concentration to a maximum of 57%. The effectiveness of gypsum in reducing P release from flooded soils is soil dependent.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Changes In Iron and Manganese Concentrations In Pore Water Asupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Changes In Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus Concentrations In Psupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gypsum Amendment Reduces Redox‐Induced Phosphorous Release from Freshly Manured, Flooded Soils to Floodwater

et al. 2019

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Temperature and freezing effects on phosphorus release from soils to overlying floodwater under flooded‐anaerobic conditions

et al. 2020

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Increased phosphorus (P) availability under flooded, anaerobic conditions may accelerate P loss from soils to water bodies. Existing knowledge on P release to floodwater from flooded soils is limited to summer conditions and/or room temperatures. Spring snowmelt runoff, which occurs under cold temperatures with frequent freeze-thaw events, is the dominant mode of P loss from agricultural lands to water bodies in the Canadian Prairies. This research examined the effects of temperature on P dynamics under flooded conditions in a laboratory study using five agricultural soils from Manitoba, Canada. The treatments were (a) freezing for 1 wk at −20 • C, thawing and flooding at 4 ± 1 • C (frozen, cold); (b) flooding unfrozen soil at 4 ± 1 • C (unfrozen, cold); and (c) flooding unfrozen soil at 20 ± 2 • C (warm). Pore water and surface water were collected weekly over 8 wk and analyzed for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), pH, calcium, magnesium, iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). Soils under warm flooding showed enhanced P release with significantly higher DRP concentrations in pore and surface floodwater compared with cold flooding of frozen and unfrozen soils.The development of anaerobic conditions was slow under cold flooding with only a slight decrease in Eh, whereas under warm flooding Eh declined sharply, favoring reductive dissolution reactions releasing P, Fe, and Mn. Pore water and floodwater DRP concentrations were similar between frozen and unfrozen soil under cold flooding, suggesting that one freeze-thaw event prior to flooding had minimal effect on P release under simulated snowmelt conditions. Abbreviations: DAF, days after flooding; DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus.

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Phosphorus release from intact soil monoliths of manure‐amended fields under simulated snowmelt flooding

et al. 2020

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Anaerobic conditions developed in soils with flooding can enhance the release of soil P to overlying water, but little information is available for soils with a long history of manure application. We examined the P release from manure‐amended soils under simulated snowmelt flooding. Intact monoliths from manured (solid swine manure [SSM] or liquid swine manure [LSM]) and unamended (control) field plots were collected from Carman, Manitoba. Monoliths were frozen for 7 d, thawed, flooded, and incubated at 4 ± 1 °C. Redox potential, pH, and concentrations of dissolved reactive P (DRP), Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn in pore water and floodwater were determined weekly up to 56 d after flooding (DAF) and at 84 DAF. Redox potential decreased with DAF with a greater and more rapid decrease in SSM (from ∼300 to <0 mV by 84 DAF) compared with LSM and control (∼100 mV by 84 DAF). Pore water and floodwater DRP concentrations were significantly greater in manured treatments than in the control at all DAFs and in SSM than in LSM for most DAF. Whereas floodwater DRP concentrations remained relatively stable in the control treatment, concentrations in manured treatments increased substantially from the onset of flooding to 35–42 DAF (threefold to fourfold increase) and remained relatively stable thereafter. Significantly greater P release from SSM‐ than from LSM‐treated monoliths was due to greater input of P and the higher organic matter content in SSM‐treated soils. These favored the rapid development of anaerobic conditions that further induced P release.

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Phosphorus Release to Floodwater from Calcareous Surface Soils and Their Corresponding Subsurface Soils under Anaerobic Conditions

Cited by 30 publications

References 44 publications

Gypsum Amendment Reduces Redox‐Induced Phosphorous Release from Freshly Manured, Flooded Soils to Floodwater

Gypsum Amendment Reduces Redox‐Induced Phosphorous Release from Freshly Manured, Flooded Soils to Floodwater

Temperature and freezing effects on phosphorus release from soils to overlying floodwater under flooded‐anaerobic conditions

Phosphorus release from intact soil monoliths of manure‐amended fields under simulated snowmelt flooding

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