Phosphorus Runoff from Waste Water Treatment Biosolids and Poultry Litter Applied to Agricultural Soils

White, John W.; Coale, F. J.; Sims, J. T.; Shober, Amy L.

doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0106

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The only exception was the Orlando biosolids that resulted in greater flow‐weighed runoff P concentrations than the other biosolids materials (8 mg P L −1 for Orlando vs. average of 1.4 mg P L −1 for other biosolids treatments). Results from this study are consistent with previous reports that indicated that P lability in biosolids is greatly affected by the wastewater treatment method (Penn and Sims, 2002; White et al, 2010). Also corroborating our data, Elliott et al (2002) observed that BPR biosolids resulted in greater leachate P than anaerobically or aerobically digested biosolids, especially those treated with Fe or Al addition for P removal.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Similarly, Kyle and McClintock (1995) observed greater P availability in biosolids generated without using chemical addition for P removal. White et al (2010) conducted field studies with biosolids in Maryland. The authors concluded that tools designed to assess the risk for P transport must account for differences in P solubility due to wastewater treatment process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Runoff and Leachate Phosphorus and Nitrogen Losses from Grass‐Vegetated Soil Boxes Amended with Biosolids and Fertilizer

Silveira

O’Connor

et al. 2019

J of Env Quality

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Recent evidence suggests an upward trend in surface water phosphorus (P) concentrations in many segments of Florida, including the upper basin of the St. Johns River, a region that currently receives about two‐thirds of the state Class B biosolids land application. Concerns about water quality in this area are encouraging reexamination of the regulations governing biosolids programs. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify and thoroughly characterize the main biosolids sources routinely applied in the region, and (ii) to evaluate runoff and leachate N and P losses from a typical Florida Spodosol amended with biosolids or commercial inorganic fertilizer. Biosolids and inorganic fertilizer were surface applied uniformly at a rate equivalent to ∼114 kg P ha−1, which corresponded to a typical P load associated with nitrogen (N)‐based biosolids application. Soluble reactive P (SRP) was the predominant form of P lost in runoff and leachate. Inorganic P fertilizer increased flow‐weighted runoff total P concentrations nearly 60‐fold relative to control treatment (0.4 vs. 22 mg P L−1 for control and fertilizer treatments, respectively). With exception of biological P removal (BPR) biosolids, all other tested biosolids yielded flow‐weighted runoff P concentrations similar to untreated soils. Cumulative P and N losses (as a percentage of P and N applied) were greater from commercial inorganic fertilizer (∼38% of P and 46% of N) than any biosolids source (3% of P and 6% of N). Results demonstrate the value of water‐extractable P (WEP) as an indicator of biosolids P loss potential. Core Ideas Biosolids presented a lower risk of P and N losses than inorganic fertilizer. Nitrogen and P lability varies significantly depending on the biosolids treatment process. Data supported the usefulness of water‐extractable P as an indicator of biosolids P loss potential. More field research is warranted to understand nutrient dynamics in biosolids‐amended soils.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Runoff and Leachate Phosphorus and Nitrogen Losses from Grass‐Vegetated Soil Boxes Amended with Biosolids and Fertilizer

Silveira

O’Connor

et al. 2019

J of Env Quality

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“…Alkaline stabilization is a broad term and includes a variety of production processes, so variations in process likely affect P immobilization. Alkaline stabilization in production of several biosolids products has been effective, resulting in no increased TP in runoff relative to reference soils (Elliott et al, 2005; White et al, 2010). However, lime stabilization has not prevented mobilization of P in some other biosolids products (Penn and Sims, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biosolids produced using anaerobic digestion, Fe or Al immobilization of P, alkali stabilization, or combinations thereof resulted in no more TP in runoff than was found in runoff from the reference soil. White et al (2010) found that TP in runoff from various biosolids (lime‐stabilized, Fe immobilization of P followed by anaerobic digestion or by lime stabilization) was no greater than in runoff from reference soil 1 d after application. Penn and Sims (2002) applied biosolids from eight different wastewater treatment plants produced by a range of treatment processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss Potential from Biosolids-Amended Soils and Biotic Response in the Receiving Water

et al. 2015

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Application of municipal biosolids to agricultural soil can improve soil quality and improve crop yields. However, runoff or tile leachate from biosolids-applied fields may contribute to localized eutrophication of surface water. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine loss potential of nutrients from soils amended with two different biosolids (anaerobically digested and chemically stabilized) relative to loss from a reference soil and to determine response in freshwater microcosms to nutrients lost from soils. Total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) were measured in runoff, and equivalent amounts were added to reference microcosms to determine if aquatic systems would respond similarly to TN and TP loading in bioavailable forms (PO, NH, NO) simulating loading related to inorganic fertilizer application. Nutrient concentrations (TP, TN, PO, NH, NO, and organic P and N) were similar in the runoff from the two biosolids-amended soils and higher than those in the runoff from the reference soil. Runoff from biosolids-amended soils stimulated algal growth and production (chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen) relative to runoff from reference soil, but the response was weaker than in microcosms receiving equivalent amounts of inorganic N and P. Nutrient runoff from land-applied biosolids does have potential to increase algal production in receiving waters; however, this experiment suggests receiving waters may absorb a single large nutrient loading event associated with runoff from biosolids-amended soil without substantial impact. Moreover, the response to N and P in biosolids versus inorganic nutrient additions suggests biosolids may contribute relatively less to eutrophication than inorganic fertilizers, assuming equivalent TN and TP loading to aquatic systems.

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“…First, most of the P in anaerobically dewatered sludge is in an inorganic phase, and most of this fraction is found as Fe‐, Al‐, or Ca‐P of varying stability and reactivity (Frossard et al, 1994). White et al (2010) showed that soils treated with biosolids that are Fe‐ and Al‐salt‐treated may mitigate the potential for P losses in runoff. In addition, organic P in sludge is a minor fraction that occurs primarily as mono‐ and di‐esters and polyphosphates (Hinedi and Chang, 1989), and these compounds are readily decomposed to release P soon after application.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Runoff from Sewage Sludge Applied to Different Slopes of Lateritic Soil

et al. 2011

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Sewage sludge (SS) applied to sloping fields at rates that exceed annual forest nutrient requirements can be a source of phosphorus (P) in runoff. This study investigates the effects of different slopes (18, 27, 36, and 45%) on P in runoff from plots amended with SS (120 Mg ha). Lateritic soil (pH 5.2) was exposed to five simulated rainfalls (90 mm h) on outdoor plots. When sludge was broadcast and mixed with surface soils, the concentrations and loss in runoff of total P in the mixed sample (MTP), total P in the settled sample (STP), total particulate P (TPP), total suspended P (TSP), and total dissolved P (TDP) were highest at 1 or 18 d after application. Initially, pollution risks to surface waters generally increased to different degrees with steeper slopes, and then diminished gradually with dwindling differences between the slopes. The runoff losses coefficient of MTP increased in the order 36 > 45 > 27 > 18%. The initial event (1 and 18 d) accounted for 67.0 to 83.6% of total runoff P losses. Particulate fraction were dominant carriers for P losses, while with the lower slopes there was higher content of P per unit particulate fraction in runoff. Phosphorus losses were greatly affected by the interaction of sludge-soil-runoff and the modification of soil properties induced by sludge amendment. It is recommended to choose lower slopes (<27%) to reduce risk of P losses. Thus, the risk of application sludge to sloping fields in acid soils should be studied further in the field under a wider diversity of conditions.

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Phosphorus Runoff from Waste Water Treatment Biosolids and Poultry Litter Applied to Agricultural Soils

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Runoff and Leachate Phosphorus and Nitrogen Losses from Grass‐Vegetated Soil Boxes Amended with Biosolids and Fertilizer

Runoff and Leachate Phosphorus and Nitrogen Losses from Grass‐Vegetated Soil Boxes Amended with Biosolids and Fertilizer

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss Potential from Biosolids-Amended Soils and Biotic Response in the Receiving Water

Phosphorus Runoff from Sewage Sludge Applied to Different Slopes of Lateritic Soil

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