Phosphorus Solubilization by Bacillus Species

Abstract

Microbial solubilization applies the natural ability of a microorganism to liberate phosphorus from unavailable structures. The main mechanism recognized to be responsible for the solubilization of phosphorus is the production of different types of organic acids. Three kinds of Bacillus species and three types of raw materials (poultry bones, fish bones, and ash) were tested for solubilization. The following parameters were compared for all discussed cases: pH, specific growth rate, solubilization factor, released phosphorus concentration, and total and individual concentration of organic acids. Utilization of ash brought about the highest specific and maximum specific growth rates. A decrease in pH was observed in most of the discussed cases with the exception of fish bones. At the same time, fish bones had the highest concentration of released P2O5 and the highest total concentration of produced organic acids (gluconic, lactic, acetic, succinic, and propionic) in all discussed cases. The tested Bacillus species produced the mentioned acids with the exception of B. megaterium, where propionic acid was not present. The lactic and acetic acids were those produced in the highest amount. The kind of raw materials and type of Bacillus species used in solubilization had a strong influence on the kind of organic acids that were detected in the broth culture and its total concentration, which had a direct influence on the amount of released phosphorus. The combination of Bacillus megaterium with the fish bones at 5 g/L is proposed as the pair that gives the highest concentration of released phosphorus (483 ± 5 mg/L).

Mitigation of drought stress in rice crop with plant growth‐promoting abiotic stress‐tolerant rice phyllosphere bacteria

“…A wide study was conducted on the increase in the nutrient supplement for plant growth, where the microbes solubilize the insoluble form of minerals and increase the availability of nutrients to plants [41]. Many Bacillus species were reported to be a potassium, phosphate, and zinc solubilizer, and their solubilizing ability was strongly influenced by production of organic acids [42]. Even B. megaterium from the phylloplane of Jatropha curcas was found to have an ACC deaminase activity, IAA production, and phosphate solubilization ability [43].…”

Bacillusspecies in soil as a natural resource for plant health and nutrition

“…Phosphorus is the second most important nutrient after nitrogen that limits the growth and yield of crop plants. Plants can take up phosphorus in the form of HPO 4 2− and H 2 PO 4 − (Saeid et al ) but much of the phosphorus present in soil is unavailable to plants. Many soil micro‐organisms are endowed with the ability to solubilize unavailable form of phosphorus to available form and/or to mineralize organic phosphorus to available form of phosphorus (Bhattacharyya and Jha ) and are collectively called as phosphorus solubilizing micro‐organisms (PSMs).…”

“…Three species of Bacillus viz., B. megaterium , B. subtilis and B. cereus were tested for solubilization of phosphorus in the substrates like poultry bones, fish bones and ash. All the three species produced organic acids and there was a strong correlation between total concentration of organic acids produced and the amount of available phosphorus released from the substrates (Saeid et al ). As opposed to soils with high pH where P is fixed as calcium phosphate, in acidic soils P is often complexed with aluminium and iron.…”

Skin Cutibacterium acnes Mediates Fermentation to Suppress the Calcium Phosphate-Induced Itching: A Butyric Acid Derivative with Potential for Uremic Pruritus

“…Results from 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing of bacterial colonies revealed that the 16S rRNA genes of these bacterial colonies shared 96.22% and 89.18% identity to that of C. acnes NCTC 10390 and that of Bacillus shackletonii (B. shackletonii) LMG 18435, respectively (Supplemental Figure S2). The known abilities of Bacillus species to solubilize CaP [48][49][50][51] demonstrated the feasibility of using Pikovskaya's agar plates to select CaP-solubilizing bacteria from human skin. The identified C. acnes strain [10 5 colony-forming unit (CFU)] was incubated in phenol red-containing rich media in the presence of 2% glucose under anaerobic conditions for 10 days.…”