Phosphorus supplement alters postprandial lipemia of healthy male subjects: a pilot cross-over trial

Abstract

BackgroundEpidemiological studies have found a U-shaped relationship between serum phosphorus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanism(s) behind such a relationship are poorly understood. Phosphorus (P) is reported to improve insulin sensitivity, which is involved in lipid metabolism, and thus we were interested in determining the impact of phosphorus ingestion on postprandial lipemia, a recognized CVD risk factor.FindingsA within–subject study design was conducted, whereby 8 healthy male subjects received a high fat meal (330Kcal; 69% energy from fat; 35 mg of phosphorus) with placebo or phosphorus (500 mg) in a random order. Postprandial blood samples (~10 ml) were collected every hour for 6 hours after meal ingestion. Changes in different parameters were analyzed using a 2-factor repeated-measure ANOVA. In the phosphorus (P) supplemented group, postprandial serum P increased (p = 0.00), while changes in insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and triglyceride (TG) were not significantly different than that of placebo. Concurrently, phosphorus supplementation increased postprandial concentrations of apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) (p < 0.05) and decreased that of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPhosphorus supplementation (500 mg) of the meal seems to alter the different components of postprandial lipemia. These findings highlight the potential role of phosphorus in CVD.

kinetic manuscript

“…PTH) are likely triggered and responding to the large P load in an attempt to return plasma P to normal. This somewhat mimics the response reported by Hazim et al, when healthy men ingested a 500mg inorganic P supplement with a high fat meal (23) . The sustained plasma P levels 6 hours postprandially make it distinctly possible that plasma P may still be elevated at the time of the next feed, potentially exposing the kidneys and other tissues to incrementally higher P concentrations with each meal, which may explain the adverse effects that were observed when these diets were fed to cats over prolonged periods (Alexander et al, submitted).…”

“…Karp et al (2007) found similar trends in serum phosphate and urinary P excretion, when tripolyphosphate and monophosphate supplements were consumed (22) . Additionally, healthy male volunteers fed a 500mg P supplement showed that serum phosphate increased postprandially, while a transient decrease was apparent after a placebo (23) . Sustained increases in plasma P are thought to be harmful due to the physiological consequences associated with the regulation of plasma P (13) .…”

Not all forms of dietary phosphorus are equal: an evaluation of postprandial phosphorus concentrations in the plasma of the cat

“…In conclusion, the results of the present series of studies add to the growing literature, suggesting that inclusion of added inorganic P in diets results in a dose-dependent increase in plasma P, with a concurrent elevation in PTH ( 26 , 29 ) . This relationship is far from straightforward, however, with a sustained postprandial elevation in plasma P apparent when diets with a Ca:P <1·0 were fed compared with that seen when the diet Ca:P was >1·5.…”

“…Karp et al ( 25 ) found similar trends in serum phosphate and urinary P excretion, when tripolyphosphate and monophosphate supplements were consumed. In addition, healthy male volunteers fed a 500 mg P supplement showed that serum phosphate increased postprandially, while a transient decrease was apparent after a placebo ( 26 ) . Sustained increases in plasma P are thought to be harmful due to the physiological consequences associated with the regulation of plasma P ( 14 ) .…”

Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy as a Result of Mild Hypercaloric Challenge in Absence of Signs of Diabetes: Modulation by Antidiabetic Drugs

“…While major electrolytes were replaced, the displacement of dietary protein by refined constituents poses the added challenge of decreased intake of micronutrients including phosphorous [ 80 , 81 ]. Dietary phosphorous is of particular relevance to the results of the present study given recent reports identifying its roles in regulating body weight [ 82 ], energy metabolism [ 83 ], postprandial lipemia [ 84 ], and glucose tolerance [ 85 ], implicating a potential effect on adipose tissue. Whether the results observed in this study are a direct consequence of increased dietary fat or an indirect response to micronutrient deficiency triggered by the refined diet remains to be established in future research.…”