To improve knowledge on the role of microbial processes in phosphorus (P) transformations in highly weathered subtropical soil, dynamics in microbial biomass C (B C ) and P (B P ), and Olsen-P in a subtropical Ultisol following amendments with glucose at 2 g C kg -1 soil (G2) and rice straw at 2 and 4 g C kg -1 soil (RS2 and RS4) was studied during a 43-day incubation period at 25°C and 45% of soil water-holding capacity. By 3 days, the amount of soil B C had increased about 3.2, 1.7, and 2.6 times for G2, RS2, and RS4, respectively. The amount of soil B C significantly decreased between 3 and 7 days for G2 and 3 and 14 days for RS4, and thereafter remained almost steady throughout the 43-day incubation period, at levels about 1.6-2.4 times larger than for the control (no organic amendment; CK). The amount of soil B P for G2 and RS4 almost doubled by 3 or 7 days, then remained relatively steady, and for RS2, maintained relatively constant (6.7-8.2 mg kg -1 soil) throughout 43-day incubation period, whereas it declined by about 50% for CK. A significant decrease (3.5 mg kg -1 soil) in Olsen-P occurred in G2 by 3 days; indicating a close response of available P to microbial immobilization. Also, the amounts of Al-and Fe-bound P in G2 and Fe-bound-P in RS4 decreased significantly, as determined at 43 days. In conclusion, organic amendment enhances microbial immobilization and transformations of P, but the turnover of B P behaves in different patterns as B C in highly weathered subtropical soil.