Phosphorylated Curdlan Gel/Polyvinyl Alcohol Electrospun Nanofibres Loaded with Clove Oil with Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

Fibrous membranes based on natural polymers obtained by the electrospinning technique are a great choice for wound dressings. In order to promote an efficient wound repair, and to avoid antibiotics, antibacterial plant extracts can be incorporated. In the present work, the new electrospun nanofibre membranes based on monobasic phosphate curdlan (PCurd) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were obtained for the first time. To establish the adequate mixing ratio for electrospinning, the behaviour of the PCurd and PVA mixture was studied by viscometry and rheology. In order to confer antimicrobial activity with the nanofibre membrane, clove essential oil (CEO) was incorporated into the electrospun solution. Well-defined and drop-free nanofibres with a diameter between 157 nm and 110 nm were obtained. The presence of CEO in the obtained nanofibres was confirmed by ATR–FTIR spectroscopy, by the phenolic and flavonoid contents, and by the antioxidant activity of the membranes. In physiological conditions, CEO was released from the membrane after 24 h. The in vivo antimicrobial tests showed a good inhibitory activity against E. coli and higher activity against S. aureus. Furthermore, the viability cell test showed the lack of cytotoxicity of the nanofibre membrane with and without CEO, confirming its potential use in wound treatment.

Enrichment of Cellulose Acetate Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Retinyl Palmitate and Clove Essential Oil for Wound Healing Applications

“…In studies examining the effectiveness of membranes enriched with clove oil against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, it is seen that these membranes are more effective against S. aureus than E. coli due to the different composition of their cell wall structures. 25 , 33 However, similar to this study, there are studies that have similar effects of clove oil against both bacteria. 34 − 36 This is thought to be based on the type of spice or herb used for extraction of essential oils, the type of the culture of the sample, and the characteristic of the film matrix.…”

“…aureus than E. coli due to the different composition of their cell wall structures. , However, similar to this study, there are studies that have similar effects of clove oil against both bacteria. − This is thought to be based on the type of spice or herb used for extraction of essential oils, the type of the culture of the sample, and the characteristic of the film matrix. − …”

Chitosan–Oxidized Pullulan Hydrogels Loaded with Essential Clove Oil: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

“…The chemical structure of the CO-loaded CS/OP hydrogels was evaluated by ATR-FTIR spectrometry (Figure 2). According to the GC-MSD/FID gas chromatography analysis reported by Suflet et al [57], 84% of the identified compounds in the CO used in the present study were formed by eugenol (83.11%) and eugenol acetate (0.77%). The second class of components was formed by β-caryophyllene (12.42%), α-caryophyllene (1.19%) and caryophyllene oxide (0.82%), p-allylphenol (0.13%), and L-limonene (0.01%).…”

“…The intensification and the shift of stretching vibrations of C-O-C bonds in the polysaccharide structure and skeletal stretching vibrations of C-O, respectively, from 1076 to 1070 cm −1 and 1018 to 1014 cm −1 , respectively, confirm the interaction of the CO (its components) with the polymer matrix. The sharp peaks from 3074, 1514, 1431, 1263, 914, and 798 cm −1 were attributed to the presence of CO in the sample [57]; a shift of all these bands towards lower wavenumbers was noticed compared with the CO spectrum (Figure S1). Also, in the higher loading sample (CS/OP 1 -C 5 ) (Figure 2e), the sharp peaks belonging to CO were more evident and their intensity increased.…”

Alginate-Based Hydrogels Enriched with Lavender Essential Oil: Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties, Antimicrobial Activity, and In Vivo Biocompatibility

“…In order to ease problems caused by antibiotic resistance, the use of bioactive compounds extracted from medicinal plants has emerged as a highly noteworthy area of research in the field of medical and pharmaceutical applications [1][2][3]. Due to their high bactericidal action against a variety of bacterial pathogens, studies have demonstrated that natural compounds like plant essential oils [2,4,5] hold enormous promise as antibacterial agents.…”