Photo-Activated Sludge: a novel algal-bacterial biotreatment for nitrogen removal from wastewater

Abstract

Also to a great group of friends Peter, Berend (yes Berend you are double), Mohaned, and Jeffrey thank you for being there, for always asking, for always remind me that I can, for your advices, your laughs, and even more thanks for all the moments we have shared, and we will continue sharing. To Nata and Fer you are such a extraordinary women, and I am lucky and proud to call you my friends, you both are one of a kind. I have learnt from each of you so much, you have never let me down, and you have became a rock while here in Delft. You are like sisters to me. Let's cheer for more adventures, anecdotes, talks, learning experiences and stories!. Las quiero muchoo!!. A mi Familia no hay palabras para expresar el amor, el agradecimiento y admiración que siento por ellos. Ellos son las personas más valiosas e importantes de mi vida: Mi papá,

Analysing the influence of operating conditions on the performance of algal–bacterial granular sludge processes for wastewater treatment: A review

“…In algal systems, assimilation into the biomass and ammonium volatilization due to pH fluctuations are the two main removal mechanisms. In ABGS systems, the main N removal pathway is nitrification, as nitrifiers can make use of the oxygen produced by the microalgae (Rada, 2018).…”

“…Characteristics and possible removal pathways for organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of an algal–bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) formed from aerobic granular sludges (AGS) aggregates and microalgae. Adapted from Ahmad et al (2017), de Sousa Rollemberg et al (2018), Franca et al (2018), Liu et al (2017), Nancharaiah and Kiran Kumar Reddy (2018), Rada (2018) and Wilén et al (2018). …”

“…Influence of light intensity on the characteristics of algal–bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) systems in a light/dark cycle of 12/12 h. Adapted from Meng et al (2019) and Rada (2018). …”

“…Incorrectly applied SAV can lead to deficient mixing, promoting high concentrations of granules with high density and mutual shading. The latter can cause a reduction of the illuminated surface of the reactor and hence a lower LI in the internal part of the culture, increasing the dark zones and consequently inhibiting microalgae photosynthesis (Rada, 2018). Table 1 shows that at least 30% of the studies used an SAV of 0.03 to 0.8 cm/s, which maintained a DO equal to or higher than 1-4 mg/L.…”

“…In algal systems, assimilation into the biomass and ammonium volatilization due to pH fluctuations are the two main removal mechanisms. In ABGS systems, the main N removal pathway is nitrification, as nitrifiers can make use of the oxygen produced by the microalgae (Rada, 2018). Figure 1 also shows the removal pathways that result in different redox conditions within a typical granule, which allow the occurrence of simultaneous nitrification–denitrification even when the system is aerated (Nancharaiah & Kiran Kumar Reddy, 2018).…”