Photo and Nutritional Regulation of the Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll <i>a/b</i>-Binding Protein of Photosystem II mRNA Levels in <i>Euglena</i>

Kishore, Ram; Schwartzbach, Steven D.

doi:10.1104/pp.98.3.808

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It will be interesting to see whether acetate regulates photosynthetic genes in other higher plants besides maize (Sheen 1990). In another green alga Euglena, ethanol was found to inhibit chloroplast developmerit (Monroy and Schwartzbach 1984) and Lhcb expression (Rikin andSchwartzbach 1989, Kishore andSchwartzbach 1991). The lack of repression of Lhcb in very young Arabidopsis seedlings grown on sucrose plates in the dark is probably due to its sink status, although the expression of Lhcb is delayed by sucrose (Brusslan and Tobin 1992).…”

Section: Metabolic Repression Of Photosynthetic Genes Is Likely Univementioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback control of gene expression

1994

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Although feedback regulation of photosynthesis by carbon metabolites has long been recognized and investigated, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The recent discovery that glucose and acetate trigger global repression of maize photosynthetic gene transcription provides the first direct evidence that a fundamental mechanism is used for feedback regulation of photosynthesis in higher plants. The metabolic repression of photosynthetic genes has now been found in many higher plants and is likely universal. It overrides other regulation by light, tissue type and developmental stage, and serves potentially as the molecular basis of interactions between sink and source tissues. Using simplified and convenient cellular systems and transgenic plants, the study of metabolic regulation of gene expression offers an excellent opportunity for the understanding of global and coordinate gene control and metabolite-mediated signal transduction in higher plants.

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Section: Metabolic Repression Of Photosynthetic Genes Is Likely Univementioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback control of gene expression

1994

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“…Ethanol addition at the time of light exposure inhibited the light induced increase in pLHCPII synthesis rate ( Fig. 9.1) while having no effect on the level of pLHCPII mRNA (Kishore and Schwartzbach 1992a;Rikin and Schwartzbach 1989b;Schiff et al 1991b). The amount of pLHCPII mRNA associated with polysomes, 68%, in cells maintained in the dark when pLHCPII synthesis rates are low was the same as the amount of pLHCPII mRNA associated with polysomes, 63%, after light exposure (Fig.…”

Section: Does Light Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression At the Transcripmentioning

confidence: 88%

Photo and Nutritional Regulation of Euglena Organelle Development

Schwartzbach

2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Euglena can use light and CO, photosynthesis, as well as a large variety of organic molecules as the sole source of carbon and energy for growth. Light induces the enzymes, in this case an entire organelle, the chloroplast, that is required to use CO as the sole source of carbon and energy for growth. Ethanol, but not malate, inhibits the photoinduction of chloroplast enzymes and induces the synthesis of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes that comprise the unique metabolic pathway leading to two carbon, ethanol and acetate, assimilation. In resting, carbon starved cells, light mobilizes the degradation of the storage carbohydrate paramylum and transiently induces the mitochondrial proteins required for the aerobic metabolism of paramylum to provide the carbon and energy required for chloroplast development. Other mitochondrial proteins are degraded upon light exposure providing the amino acids required for the synthesis of light induced proteins. Changes in protein levels are due to increased and decreased rates of synthesis rather than changes in degradation rates. Changes in protein synthesis rates occur in the absence of a concomitant increase in the levels of mRNAs encoding these proteins indicative of photo and metabolic control at the translational rather than the transcriptional level. The fraction of mRNA encoding a light induced protein such as the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem II, (LHCPII) associated with polysomes in the dark is similar to the fraction associated with polysomes in the light indicative of photoregulation at the level of translational elongation. Ethanol, a carbon source whose assimilation requires carbon source specific enzymes, the glyoxylate cycle enzymes, represses the synthesis of chloroplast enzymes uniquely required to use light and CO as the sole source of carbon and energy for growth. The catabolite sensitivity of chloroplast development provides a mechanism to prioritize carbon source utilization. Euglena uses all of its resources to develop the metabolic capacity to utilize carbon sources such as ethanol which are rarely in the environment and delays until the rare carbon source is no longer available forming the chloroplast which is required to utilize the ubiquitous carbon source, light and CO.

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“…(Lefebvre et al, ) but in E. gracilis , they are unaltered (Levasseur, Meng & Bouck, ). Exposure of E. gracilis to light increases the synthesis of the chloroplast‐localized proteins RbcS, PBGD, chloroplast translation initiation factor‐3 and LHCPII without a concomitant increase in the levels of the nucleus‐encoded mRNAs for these proteins (Weiss et al, ; Rikin & Schwartzbach, ; Keller et al, ; Schiff et al, ; Shashidhara & Smith, ; Weiss, Houlne & Schantz, ; Kishore & Schwartzbach, , b ; Lin et al, ; Vacula et al, ; Vesteg et al, ). LHCPII light induction was inhibited by ethanol without a change in mRNA levels (Rikin & Schwartzbach, ; Schiff et al, ; Kishore & Schwartzbach, ).…”

Section: Euglenozoan Nuclear Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure of E. gracilis to light increases the synthesis of the chloroplast‐localized proteins RbcS, PBGD, chloroplast translation initiation factor‐3 and LHCPII without a concomitant increase in the levels of the nucleus‐encoded mRNAs for these proteins (Weiss et al, ; Rikin & Schwartzbach, ; Keller et al, ; Schiff et al, ; Shashidhara & Smith, ; Weiss, Houlne & Schantz, ; Kishore & Schwartzbach, , b ; Lin et al, ; Vacula et al, ; Vesteg et al, ). LHCPII light induction was inhibited by ethanol without a change in mRNA levels (Rikin & Schwartzbach, ; Schiff et al, ; Kishore & Schwartzbach, ). The fraction of polysome‐associated LHCPII mRNA was the same in the dark when the synthesis of LHCPII precursor (pLHCPII) was low as in the light when the rate of pLHCPII synthesis had increased 50–100‐fold (Weiss et al, , ; Kishore & Schwartzbach, ).…”

Section: Euglenozoan Nuclear Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative molecular cell biology of phototrophic euglenids and parasitic trypanosomatids sheds light on the ancestor of Euglenozoa

et al. 2019

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Parasitic trypanosomatids and phototrophic euglenids are among the most extensively studied euglenozoans. The phototrophic euglenid lineage arose relatively recently through secondary endosymbiosis between a phagotrophic euglenid and a prasinophyte green alga that evolved into the euglenid secondary chloroplast. The parasitic trypanosomatids (i.e. Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp.) and the freshwater phototrophic euglenids (i.e. Euglena gracilis) are the most evolutionary distant lineages in the Euglenozoa phylogenetic tree. The molecular and cell biological traits they share can thus be considered as ancestral traits originating in the common euglenozoan ancestor. These euglenozoan ancestral traits include common mitochondrial presequence motifs, respiratory chain complexes containing various unique subunits, a unique ATP synthase structure, the absence of mitochondria‐encoded transfer RNAs (tRNAs), a nucleus with a centrally positioned nucleolus, closed mitosis without dissolution of the nuclear membrane and nucleoli, a nuclear genome containing the unusual ‘J’ base (β‐D‐glucosyl‐hydroxymethyluracil), processing of nucleus‐encoded precursor messenger RNAs (pre‐mRNAs) via spliced‐leader RNA (SL‐RNA) trans‐splicing, post‐transcriptional gene silencing by the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway and the absence of transcriptional regulation of nuclear gene expression. Mitochondrial uridine insertion/deletion RNA editing directed by guide RNAs (gRNAs) evolved in the ancestor of the kinetoplastid lineage. The evolutionary origin of other molecular features known to be present only in either kinetoplastids (i.e. polycistronic transcripts, compaction of nuclear genomes) or euglenids (i.e. monocistronic transcripts, huge genomes, many nuclear cis‐spliced introns, polyproteins) is unclear.

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Photo and Nutritional Regulation of the Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b-Binding Protein of Photosystem II mRNA Levels in Euglena

Abstract: (16,17,25). It is generally accepted that photoresponses retained by these mutants are controlled by nonchloroplast photoreceptors (3, 7, 25). A redabsorbing (2) nonchloroplast photoreceptor (7)

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Feedback control of gene expression

Feedback control of gene expression

Photo and Nutritional Regulation of Euglena Organelle Development

Comparative molecular cell biology of phototrophic euglenids and parasitic trypanosomatids sheds light on the ancestor of Euglenozoa

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