Photo catalytic degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid

Photo-Processes as Effective and Low-Cost Methods for Laundry Wastewater Treatment

“…One of the major groups of anionic surfactants are linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LAS), that are characterized by an anion hydrophilic of sulfonate . The commercially produced LAS comprises alkyl chains of 10-14 carbon atoms, such as dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBS) as seen in Figure 3 [11][12]. LAS type surfactants pose a lot of usage because of its high cleaning power and efficiency .…”

“…LAS type surfactants pose a lot of usage because of its high cleaning power and efficiency . The superior property originates from the fact that the anionic sulfonate group is repulsed to attach strongly with fabric of cloths, that results in the maximal cleansing the dirt [12].…”

“…LAS surfactants are the most commonly used detergents, that is more than 1.8 9 10 6 tons/year) in the past 40 years [12]. In terms of quantity, LAS is the most prominent group of anionic surfactants which is mainly used in heavy-duty laundry powders, light-duty liquid dish detergents, heavy-duty laundry liquids, and specialty cleansers [12].…”

“…In recent years, various destructive methods including biological, chemical and combination of physical-chemical techniques have been employed for removal of the LAS surfactants from waters. The destructive techniques that have been developed for removal LAS are biodegradation [9][10], ozonation [1], photocatalytic degradation over TiO 2 [11][12][13][14][15][16], and Fenton and photo-Fenton [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Biodegradation of LAS in water was found to be less effective for high concentration of LAS, since the LAS is harmful for the bacteria [1].…”

A study of photocatalytic degradation of methomyl and its commercial product Lannate-90

“…In this work, all important parameters such as initial concentration of pollutants and catalysts, rotational speed of stirrer, reaction temperature, light intensity as well as initial pH values, were always constant. So, the statistical analysis [31,32] was applied to the concentration change during the experiments. The statistical analysis (standard deviation and relative standard deviation) is given in Tables S1 and S2.…”