Photo-catalytic degradation of Trichlorophenol with UV/sulfite/ZnO process, simultaneous usage of homogeneous reductive and heterogeneous oxidative agents generator as a new approach of Advanced Oxidation/Reduction Processes (AO/RPs)

Photo enhanced degradation of polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances

“…The energy consumed in a process is measured by the electrical energy per order (EEO), which is defined as the electrical energy (KW/h) required to achieve 90% degradation of contaminants in 1 m 3 stream. The E EO could be obtained via the mathematical equation: Where P represents the systems power rating (in KW), t is the time required to achieve 90% degradation (in minutes), V is the volume of contaminant solution, the initial and final concentration of the contaminants are represented by C i and C f respectively [ 161 ]. The time required to achieve 90% degradation can be obtained from the reaction rate constant K (in mins) using the equation: …”

Diazinon and MCPA photo-reduction with sulfite excitation under UV irradiation and reducing agents’ generation

“…Also, EPA reports the maximum acceptable concentration in drinking water for MCPA toxin 0.1 μg L −1 . There are several methods for removal of organic and inorganic contaminants such as precipitation [ 13 ], electrochemical [ 14 ], hydrogels [ 15 , 16 ],adsorption [ 17 , 18 ], advanced oxidation processes [ 13 , 19 , 20 ], advanced reduction processes [ [21] , [22] , [23] ], and Ozon/H 2 O 2 [ 24 , 25 ] have been performed [ 26 ]. For persistent organic pollutants (POPs) removal and to enhance treatment, Advanced Oxidation and Reduction processes are effective methods [ 27 , 28 ].…”

“…Sulfite is a one of most applicated anions to generate reducing species under UV irradiation [ 30 , 31 ]. Great UV absorption spectrum (εi))220 M −1 cm −1 (and the e aq •− production per photon)0.286 mol E −1 (of sulfite ions at 253.7 nm wavelength approved at many researches [ 21 , 30 , 31 ]. The benefits of using sulfite anion as a cutting-edge reduction technique include the production of reactive species, affordability, non-toxicity.…”

Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by the Sol-Gel Protein Route: A Viable and Efficient Method for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Ibuprofen

“…The advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) has been widely studied as an alternative in the treatment of wastewaters due to the low selectivity for molecules and high power of mineralization. 1,2 Among the several advanced treatments available, the heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation process has been proposed as a clean and efficient method for the purification of: air, soil, industrial wastewater, groundwater, drinking water and industrial fine chemical production, thanks to many advantages, including destruction efficiency and a wide range of applications at room temperature. 3,4 Semiconductors such as ZnO are widely used as promising candidates for photocatalytic degradation reactions.…”