Photo-crosslinked PVA/PEI electrospun nanofiber membranes: Preparation and preliminary evaluation in virus clearance tests

Efficient removal of water bacteria and viruses using electrospun nanofibers

“…The flow-through is collected in an autoclaved vial, and the bacteriophage concentration is determined by the plaque assay technique ( Ma et al, 2014 ; Park and Kim, 2017 ). Virus retention by the membrane is calculated as the log reduction values defined as LRV ( Mi et al, 2014 ; Zeytuncu et al, 2018 ). In virus cases, concentration is tested by titration with the MTT assay before and after contact with electrospun nanofibers.…”

“… Al-Attabi et al (2019) poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) – Blending 2.6% Benzyl triethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) into the PVA solution (8 wt%) The laboratory electrospinning (Needle electrospinning) Diameter of nanofiber was 216.6 nm, percent of porosity 79%, the mean pore size 0.94 μm MS2 PhiX174 Dynamic antibacterial filtration (Dead-end system) BTEAC-PVA/GF was not effective in the removal of bacteriophage. The size of bacteriophage (23 nm) is considerably lesser than the pore size of BTEAC-PVA/GF (0.38 μm), Park and Kim (2017) Polyethyleneimine (PEI) Blending Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) The laboratory electrospinning (Needle electrospinning) First, PVA and PEI were acrylated with GMA to enable photopolymerization during the electrospinning process; The solution was spun while being irradiated by UV light ( λ max = 365 nm; The fibers were deposited on the PET filter support paper The mean pore size was 0.48 μm’ MS2 Dynamic antibacterial filtration (Dead-end system) The 99% retention of MS2 in flow-through virus clearance tests Zeytuncu et al (2018) Chitosan polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polyethylene oxide (PEO) Blending Quaternary amine (HTCC) Graphene oxide (GO) The laboratory electrospinning (Needle electrospinning) Porcine parvovirus (PPV) strain NADL-2 Static antiviral assay Graphene improved the ability to fabricate nanofibers with HTCC and enhanced the virus removal function. Bai et al (2013) PVA Blending Quaternary amine (HTCC) The laboratory electrospinning (Needle electrospinning) Crosslinking of HTCC into nanofibers Average nanofiber diameter was 119 nm Porcine parvovirus (PPV) strain NADL-2 Sindbis virus (heat resistant strain) Dynamic antibacterial filtration (Dead-end system) The water-stable nanofibers was able to bind to two different viruses and achieved a 3.3 LRV for PPV and a 4.2 LRV.…”

Customization of Conductive Elastomer Based on PVA/PEI for Stretchable Sensors

“…The PVA/PEI copolymer has been widely used in antibacterial materials, biosensors, drug delivery vehicles, and a binder of Li‐ion battery, as summarized in Table 1 . These studies revealed that the PVA/PEI copolymer is biocompatible and stretchable.…”

“…Similarly, νR 2 NH stretching of PEI could be assigned to the broad peak (dash area) at 1042 cm −1 . The peak intensity from νOH showed a downtrend along with the increase of PEI in elastomer, contrary to νR 2 NH's . Furthermore, we performed X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) (Figure S1b, Supporting Information) to study the elastomer's crystallization behavior.…”

COVID‐19: Facemasks, healthcare policies and risk factors in the crucial initial months of a global pandemic

“…Polymeric nanofibres have been studied in laboratory settings for decades now and have proven to provide superior filtration efficiency compared to micro‐sized fibres commonly utilised in most facemasks (Li et al, 2019; Leung & Sun, 2020; Zhang et al, 2019). As viruses are typically within the size range of 20–200 nm, they can freely penetrate classical microfilters: nanofibrous polymeric non‐woven materials can filter out more than 99% of such small particles (Zeytuncu et al, 2018). The major obstacle with translating this technology into the manufacturing industry has generally been the slow rate of production, however, recently newer techniques have been developed that allow masses of fibres to be produced in less time (Alenezi et al, 2019; Czigany & Ronkay, 2020; Heseltine et al, 2018; Hong et al, 2019; Molnar & Meszaros, 2020).…”