BiVO 4 is a stable photocatalytic material but has poor photocatalytic activity in visible light. Herein, the surfactants were investigated to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) of BiVO 4 through a hydrothermal method. The different molecular structures and properties of surfactant-modified BiVO 4 show clustered small spheres and stacked plate-like microcrystals. The N-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC)-modified BiVO 4 (BiVO 4 -CTAC) with stacked plate-like morphology increases the light absorption range and decreases the energy band gap. Surfactants with different hydrophilic groups and molecular structures affect the formation process of BiVO 4 , regulating the morphology, crystal structure, and crystalline surface exposure of BiVO 4 . BiVO 4 -CTAC has demonstrated superior TC degradation efficiency compared with the original BiVO 4 (BiVO 4 -Blank). This enhancement is attributed to the observation in the Nyquist plot, where BiVO 4 -CTAC exhibits the smallest arc radius, indicative of reduced charge transfer resistance and improved charge separation. Furthermore, holes (h + ) and superoxide radicals ( • O 2 − ) reactive species are the main active radicals for TC photocatalytic degradation. This study develops a novel method to synthesize monoclinic phase lamellar BiVO 4 materials by simply changing the surfactant type. This study holds potential implications for advancing surfactant-assisted synthesis of high-efficiency photocatalysts.