Photo-promoted carbonylation of chloroalkanes with carbon monoxide by non-precious metal catalysts

Rh-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of unactivated alkyl chlorides

“…3,4 Early carbonylative coupling reactions of alkyl iodides required either high pressure of CO (50 atm) at elevated temperatures or intense irradiation was needed. 5 As an example of such photocatalytic transformations, Ryu and co-workers reported a Pd–carbene catalyzed and photo-induced atom transfer carbonylation of alkyl iodides using ionic liquids as reaction media. 6 More recently, in 2019, Gong and co-workers reported copper-catalyzed and indium-mediated methoxycarbonylation of unactivated alkyl iodides with CO at ambient pressure.…”