Photo‐Responsive Nanozyme Disrupts Bacterial Electron Transport Chain for Enhanced Anti‐Biofilm Therapy

Abstract

The bacterial electron transport chain (ETC) plays a crucial role in biofilm energy metabolism and redox balance, making it a potential target for anti‐biofilm treatment. Herein, mesoporous nanocarbon spheres loaded with Pt nanoparticles (CS‐Pt) are developed to disrupt the bacterial ETC for photo‐enhanced anti‐biofilm. Under near‐infrared laser irradiation, CS‐Pt‐treated biofilms show a positive shift of 0.6 eV in Pt 4f binding energy and a 1.76‐fold increase in anodic current density, demonstrating that the electron loss from CS‐Pt results in an enhanced electron transfer from CS‐Pt to biofilm. Adding the electron quencher NH4Cl to the CS‐Pt‐containing biofilm sample results in reduced biofilm clearance, highlighting the critical role of enhanced electron transfer in effective biofilm eradication. Due to the multifunction of CS‐Pt in inducing hyperthermia, reactive oxgen species generation, and interrupting bacterial ETC, the critical component of ETC, extracellular DNA, in methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm is reduced by 89.8%, ultimately leading to a biofilm clearance of 90.3%. Additionally, CS‐Pt achieve 99.5% biofilm eradication and expedites wound healing with a rate of 78.1% in a MRSA‐infected wound model. We present an attractive approach for disintegrating biofilm through the synergistic effect of disrupting ETC, enzyme‐like activity, and phototherapy, offering an innovative perspective on combating biofilm‐associated infections.