“…However, attempts to sensitize electrodes with multiple dyes have achieved only limited success to date. Narrow-band-gap semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), such as CdS, CdSe, PbS, and InAs, have also been the subject of considerable interest as promising candidates for replacing the sensitizer dyes in DSSCs (Vogel et al, 1990(Vogel et al, , 1994Toyoda et al, 1999Peter et al, 2002;Plass et al, 2002;Shen et al, 2004aShen et al, , 2004bShen et al, , 2006aShen et al, , 2006bShen et al, , 2008aShen et al, , 2008bShen et al, , 2010aShen et al, , 2010bYu et al, 2006;Robel et al, 2006;Niitsoo et al, 2006;Diguna, et al, 2007aDiguna, et al, , 2007bKamat, 2008Kamat, , 2010Gimenez et. al., 2009;Mora-Sero et al, 2009.…”