In this article, we review the applications of the open photoacoustic cell (OPC) technique in studies of photosynthetic activity in plant leaves. The ability to perform in vivo and in situ measurements makes this technique particularly suitable for monitoring photosynthesis of plants subjected to specific treatments. Therefore, our objective in the present article is to describe, in more detail, the principles of the OPC technique and to follow the historical path of its applications related to the study of plants and photosynthesis, including recent results.It will be shown that the technique has been used to observe spectroscopic responses to herbicide application and to soil toxicity, in the study of photosynthesis induction, gas exchange, photochemical loss, photoinhibition, photosynthesis saturation, and photosynthetic responses to changes in parameters such as temperature, atmospheric conditions, and nutrient availability. Recent results have demonstrated its usefulness in the determination of the action spectrum directly from oxygen evolution measurements.