Photoacoustic Imaging for Periodontal Disease Examination

Abstract

Inflammation of the periodontal tissue (periodontitis) is the highest problem of oral health in Indonesia after caries. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a new imaging technique that can be simply constructed using a diode laser combined with a condenser microphone. This study aims to determine that a simple PAI system was able to image periodontal disease in animal model. Samples of the study were normal periodontal and periodontitis tissue, obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into four groups, i.e. the control group, treatment group 1 (7 days periodontitis induction), treatment group 2 (11 days periodontitis induction), and treatment group 3 (14 days periodontitis induction). The PAI system was controlled by Labview and Arduino IDE software from a personal computer. Results of the study reveal that the optimal frequency of laser modulation for periodontal tissue imaging was 19 kHz with duty cycle of 50%. Photoacoustic (PA) intensity was obtained from higher to lower of -68,71 dB (treatment group 3), -70,69 dB (treatment group 2), -71,69 dB (treatment group 1), and -73,07 dB (control group) respectively. The photoacoustic images were analyzed to define the contrast between sample and media. The PA intensity of the samples were higher than media. Therefore, this study demonstrate the feasibility of simple PAI system to differentiate normal periodontal tissue and periodontitis.

Breath Analysis for the In Vivo Detection of Diabetic Ketoacidosis

“…Thirty-five subjects aged between 10 and 80 years were examined based on an acetone concentration of <0.9 ppm in breath to be the usual signature for a healthy individual and a concentration >1.7 ppm, indicating ketoacidosis. 18,19 Human breath samples were analyzed using the colorimetric sensor prototype and compared to a Ketoscan mini-instrument (Figure 9a). Here, the proposed device showed more accuracy compared to the commercial Ketoscan device.…”

“…17 An acetone breath concentration of <0.9 ppm is normal, and a concentration >1.7 ppm indicates ketoacidosis. 18,19 The current study aims to evolve a low-cost detection method using a multidye system for the accurate and precise colorimetric sensing of acetone/ethanol as a bioindicator for detecting DKA. Compared to the other analytical methods, the colorimetric assay has received considerable attention due to its simplicity, rapid execution, and low cost.…”