Photoacoustic in remote sensing

Abstract

One of the first applications of the photoacoustic effect included the wireless voice communication over long distances. Nowadays, the photoacoustic methods have laid the foundation for the operation of measuring instruments, used e.g. for contactless specification of the composition and spatial distribution of substances. Photoacoustic methods are also used in the ultra-sensitive spectroscopic examination of trace gases, e.g. for the detection of toxic substances, explosives, biological materials. Remote sensing applications, such as contactless imaging of material structures as well as biological in vivo structures are a manifestation of the extraordinary versatility of photoacoustic methods. Photoacoustic imaging is of very high resolution and contrast. Selected aspects of photoacoustics in remote sensing, especially the possibility of remote sensing of underwater objects have been presented with the history of photoacoustics development in the background.

A Review–Unguided Optical Communications: Developments, Technology Evolution, and Challenges

“…Transforming EM impulses for acoustic wave generation at the air barrier is a better option since EM waves can travel in the air while acoustic waves can travel underwater [211]. Heat expansion, exterior evaporation, and optical disintegration are the most frequent processes for transforming EM waves to acoustic waves [212]. Existing underwater communication has two modems: an acoustic modem within water and an RF modem for ground station and/or airborne platform connectivity [213].…”

“…In Ref. [212], the authors used the principle of photoacoustic in underwater remote sensing, mainly for wireless voice communication and contactless measuring instruments. The main applications covered therein were the measurement of composition/the spatial distribution of substances, ultra-sensitive spectrographic examinations of trace gases, photoacoustic tomography, the remote sensing of underwater objects, submarine sensing, material structure imaging, etc.…”