Photoactivities of Two Vitamin B Derivatives and Their Applications in the Perpetration of Photoinduced Antibacterial Nanofibrous Membranes

Abstract

Photoactivities and photoinduced antibacterial functions of two vitamin B2 (VB2) derivatives, riboflavin (RF) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), were investigated by computational modeling and various experimental evaluations. Under photoirradiation, the ground state of both VB2 derivatives could be excited to generate different reactive oxygen species (ROS) by undergoing different reaction paths. The formed ROS could nonselectively inactivate microorganisms. However, both RF and FMN exhibited negligible photoinduced antimicrobial activity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions even at high concentrations. The study revealed that the affinity of both RF and FMN to microorganisms in different application media plays a key role due to the very short lifetime of the generated ROS. The speculation was proven by the preparation of a poly­(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) nanofibrous membrane blended with RF or FMN, which could enhance the contact of the agents with microorganisms. The fabricated nanofibrous membranes containing both VB2 derivatives (VBNFMs) showed great photoinduced antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) (99.999% bacterial reduction) and Gram-positive Listeria innocua (L. innocua) (99% bacterial reduction) under 20 min of ultra-violet A irradiation. The photoinduced antimicrobial performances of RF/PVA-co-PE and FMN/PVA-co-PE nanofibrous membranes were comparable. Interestingly, the durability of the photoinduced antibacterial functions of the prepared VBNFMs was questionable, due to the photodegradation of VB2 in nanomaterials.

Water-Mediated In Situ Fabrication of CuI Nanoparticles on Flexible Cotton Fabrics as a Sustainable and Skin-Compatible Coating with Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Efficacy

“…Experimental results showed that mixing such supernatant with the pathogens did not induce any killing effect, implying that the release of copper cations is not the major mechanism of antimicrobial action for the CuI-coated cotton fabrics. Even though ROS generation was reported before to account for the antimicrobial property of CuI and some other materials, ,− we speculate that it is not the main mechanism for the CuI-coated cotton fabrics, because (i) the presence of ROS in the CuI suspension was not detected with multiple attempts using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) as the probe, (ii) the CuI-coated fabrics need much shorter contact time to inactivate pathogens, compared to that in previous examples, , and (iii) the pathogen inactivation effect can be generally observed for both metabolically active ( e.g. , bacteria, fungi) and inactive pathogens ( e.g.…”

Engineering Sizable and Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Fabrics through Hydrogen Bonding Interaction and Electrostatic Interaction

“…To endow textiles with antibacterial properties, the functionalization of fabrics with antimicrobial agents has been widely employed . Chemical disinfectants such as quaternary ammonium compounds, N-halamines, and triclosan serve as common antimicrobial agents for constructing antibacterial fabrics, and chitosan and plant extracts as natural antibacterial agents have also been incorporated into fabrics, creating antibacterial fabrics. − In addition, nanoantibacterial agents such as precious metals, metal oxides, photosensitizers, carbon dots, graphene, and guanidine have been used in antibacterial fabrics. − The use of chemical disinfectants can have adverse side effects on humans and the environment. Additionally, natural antibacterial agents may exhibit instability, and the high price and limited production yields associated with metal antibacterial agents restrict their widespread use in the large-scale production of antibacterial fabrics .…”

Highly Efficient Antibacterial Polymer Composites Based on Hydrophobic Riboflavin Carbon Polymerized Dots

“…Novel composite films of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) containing photosensitizing riboflavin (RF) exhibit antibacterial activity, with reductions of > 99% and 94% in Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively [35]. Poly (vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) nanofibrous membranes blended with RF showed great photo-induced antibacterial activity against E. coli and L. innocua in less than 20 min of UVA irradiation [36].…”