Photoactuators and motors based on carbon nanotubes with selective chirality distributions

Zhang, Xiaobo; Yu, Zhibin; Wang, Chuan; Zarrouk, David; Seo, Jung Woo T.; Cheng, Jim; Buchan, Austin; Takei, Kuniharu; Zhao, Yang; Ager, Joel W.; Zhang, Junjun; Hettick, Mark; Hersam, Mark C.; Pisano, Albert P.; Fearing, Ronald S.; Javey, Ali

doi:10.1038/ncomms3983

Cited by 301 publications

(319 citation statements)

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“…52,54,55 Thin and thick films of SWCNTs from nanotube suspensions have also been widely explored for various applications. 9,15,33,34,36,61 However, the details of the assembly process of SWCNTs for "TFT-grade" random networks have not been fully explored, which is a critical step for optimizing the deposition quality and rate. In addition, most work in literature has focused on the use of commercially available solutions of semiconductor-enriched SWCNTs for TFT fabrication.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 These characteristics have triggered the exploration of SWCNTs toward a wide range of new applications; 10−20 one example being the use of SWCNT random networks as the active channel material for thin-film transistors (TFTs). 21,22 Given recent advancements in electronic-type and chirality purification of SWCNTs, 23−25 random networks of SWCNTs can be solution deposited on various flexible 11,21,26−28 and rigid substrates 11,21,29−32 and configured as high-performance TFTs.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Surfactant–Substrate Interactions for Roll-to-Roll Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes for Thin-Film Transistors

et al. 2014

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Controlled assembly of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks with high density and deposition rate is critical for many practical applications, including large-area electronics. In this regard, surfactant chemistry plays a critical role as it facilitates the substrate− nanotube interactions. Despite its importance, detailed understanding of the subject up until now has been lacking, especially toward tuning the controllability of SWCNT assembly for thin-film transistors. Here, we explore SWCNT assembly with steroid-and alkyl-based surfactants. While steroid-based surfactants yield highly dense nanotube thin films, alkyl surfactants are found to prohibit nanotube assembly. The latter is attributed to the formation of packed alkyl layers of residual surfactants on the substrate surface, which subsequently repel surfactant encapsulated SWCNTs. In addition, temperature is found to enhance the nanotube deposition rate and density. Using this knowledge, we demonstrate highly dense and rapid assembly with an effective SWCNT surface coverage of ∼99% as characterized by capacitance−voltage measurements. The scalability of the process is demonstrated through a roll-to-roll assembly of SWCNTs on plastic substrates for large-area thin-film transistors. The work presents an important process scheme for nanomanufacturing of SWCNT-based electronics. 37 printed TFTs based on SWCNT networks have also been reported, demonstrating excellent performances, surpassing that of printed organic devices by a large margin. The performance of SWCNT TFTs is largely dependent on the properties of the assembled random networks. ■ INTRODUCTION38 Specifically, high nanotube density yields high ON-state current, while bundling during assembly increases the OFF-state current. 39,40 Thus, understanding and controlling the nanotube−substrate binding as facilitated through the surfactant−surface interactions is of profound interest, with strong emphasis on enhancing density and reducing bundling. Furthermore, fast nanotube assembly on substrates is essential for practical applications as it determines the process throughput, eventually allowing roll-to-roll (R2R) assembly and processing of SWCNTs over large-areas.Significant research has focused on dispersion of SWCNTs in liquids over the past decade, 41−60 with one promising method involving the use of aqueous solutions with organic surfactants that show long-term stability over several months. 52,54,55 Thin and thick films of SWCNTs from nanotube suspensions have also been widely explored for various applications. 9,15,33,34,36,61 However, the details of the assembly process of SWCNTs for "TFT-grade" random networks have not been fully explored, which is a critical step for optimizing the deposition quality and rate. In addition, most work in literature has focused on the use of commercially available solutions of semiconductor-enriched SWCNTs for TFT fabrication. The surfactants used for these commercial solutions are often not publically known, and a change in the surfactant ...

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Surfactant–Substrate Interactions for Roll-to-Roll Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes for Thin-Film Transistors

et al. 2014

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“…Speed, reversibility, large-scale deformations and, most importantly, the control over the direction of movement is desired in order to make synthetic replicas inspired from natural materials or otherwise. Although innovative concepts for polymeric actuation triggered by, for example, electrical stimulation, [1][2][3] light, [4][5][6] magnetic fi eld, [ 7 ] pH, [ 8 ] humidity and water, [9][10][11][12][13] and many others [ 14,15 ] are shown covering the last few years, a polymeric synthetic actuator with control in direction of movement and reversible change in shapes at high speed is still awaited. The pioneering work of Hu et al [ 16 ] regarding actuation based on differential swelling/shrinking of two layers triggered by water and temperature in a bilayer polymeric system remains the basis of thermoresponsive polymeric actuators, highly interesting for applications in tissue engineering, cell High porosity was utilized in providing fast actuation to polymeric actuators with acetone, camphor sulphonic acid, ethanol, and sodium hydroxide as solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giving Direction to Motion and Surface with Ultra‐Fast Speed Using Oriented Hydrogel Fibers

Liu

Jiang

Sun

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

129

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Thermoresponsive hydrogel fibrous membranes showing directionally controlled movements and surface change with ultra‐fast speed are presented for the first time. They show reversible coiling, rolling, bending, and twisting deformations in different controllable directions for many cycles (at least 50 cycles tried) with inside‐out change in surfaces and shapes. Speed, reversibility, large‐scale deformations and, most importantly, control over the direction of deformation is required in order to make synthetic actuators inspired from natural materials or otherwise. A polymeric synthetic material combining all these properties is still awaited. This issue is addressed and provide a very simple system fulfilling all these requirements by combining porosity and asymmetric swelling/shrinking via orientation of hydrogel fibers at different angles in a fibrous membrane. Electrospinning is used as a tool for making membranes with fibers oriented at different angles.

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“…By mimicking the sophisticated hierarchical structures present in nature, the motion of polymer films has been successfully demonstrated in several cases. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] For example, hydrogel bilayers embedded with intersecting inorganic platelets or cellulose fibrils have exhibited pine-cone-like bending and pod-like twisting motions. 24,31 However, the practical applications of these actuators were limited because of the low modulus and weak mechanical strength of the hydrogels.…”

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confidence: 99%

A monolithic hydro/organo macro copolymer actuator synthesized via interfacial copolymerization

et al. 2017

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Synthetic polymer actuators have attracted increasing attention for their potential applications in artificial muscles, soft robotics and sensors. The majority of previous efforts have focused on smart hydrogels with bilayer structures that can change their shape in response to environmental stimuli, such as temperature, light and certain chemicals. However, the practical application of hydrogels is limited because of their low modulus and weak mechanical strength. Here we synthesized a robust monolithic actuator of a macro-scale hydro/organo binary cooperative Janus copolymer film. The process involves direct, one-step interfacial polymerization of immiscible hydrophilic and hydrophobic vinyl monomer solutions, and the resultant product exhibited binary cooperative shape transformation to multiple external stimuli. The Janus copolymer film can work in both aqueous solutions and organic solvents, with bidirectional and site-specific bending arising from cooperative asymmetric swelling/shrinking of the hydrogel and organogel networks. In addition, the as-prepared Janus copolymer film can act as a sensor element for solvent leakage detection. This binary cooperative strategy is applicable to most immiscible monomer systems and provides a general approach to developing novel functional copolymer materials. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e380; doi:10.1038/am.2017.61; published online 19 May 2017 INTRODUCTIONThe shape transformations of biological organisms [1][2][3][4][5][6] have been the inspiration for many products in the field of artificial muscles, 7-13 soft robotics, 14-19 sensors 20 and complex shape engineering. 21,22 For example, the leaves of the Venus flytrap snap together to capture insects by virtue of the synergy between the hydroelastic instability and asymmetric expansion of the inner and outer surfaces at the cellular level. 2 The layered anisotropic orientated cellulose fibrils induce hygroscopic movements of pine cones, 1 wheat awns, 3 orchid tree seedpods 6 and other plants. By mimicking the sophisticated hierarchical structures present in nature, the motion of polymer films has been successfully demonstrated in several cases. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] For example, hydrogel bilayers embedded with intersecting inorganic platelets or cellulose fibrils have exhibited pine-cone-like bending and pod-like twisting motions. 24,31 However, the practical applications of these actuators were limited because of the low modulus and weak mechanical strength of the hydrogels. 32 Elastomer single layer films, such as azobenzene polymer films synthesized using an elaborate molecular design, 13,27 can achieve smart responsive curving. However, these films require a unidirectional stimulus to generate anisotropic contraction/expansion of their two sides; this factor limits the film thickness to the micrometer or sub-millimeter level. 27,[33][34][35] Therefore,

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Photoactuators and motors based on carbon nanotubes with selective chirality distributions

Cited by 301 publications

References 35 publications

Design of Surfactant–Substrate Interactions for Roll-to-Roll Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes for Thin-Film Transistors

Design of Surfactant–Substrate Interactions for Roll-to-Roll Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes for Thin-Film Transistors

Giving Direction to Motion and Surface with Ultra‐Fast Speed Using Oriented Hydrogel Fibers

A monolithic hydro/organo macro copolymer actuator synthesized via interfacial copolymerization

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