Photoaging phenomena of biodegradable polybutylene succinate and conventional low density polyethylene by artificial weathering – A comparative surface study

Fritz, Melanie; Lauschke, Tim; Schlebrowski, Torben; Beucher, Lucas; Schweyen, Peter; Alenezi, Bassam; Hahn, Barbara; Dierkes, Georg; Ternes, Thomas A.; Fischer, Christian B.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153058

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The pristine reference materials had characteristic absorption bands ( Figure 6 ). In particular, for PE at 710 and 719 cm −1 (–CH 2 rocking deformation), 2847 and 2915 cm −1 (–CH 2 symmetric and asymmetric stretching), 1462 and 1472 cm −1 (–CH=CH– stretching) [ 36 ]. The PP showed reference peaks displayed at 972, 997, and 1165 cm −1 (–CH 3 oscillating vibrations), 1375 cm −1 (–CH 3 symmetric bending vibrations), 2952 cm −1 (–CH 3 asymmetric stretching vibrations), 1455, 2838, and 2917 cm −1 (–CH 2 symmetrical bending, stretching, and asymmetrical stretching, respectively) [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess the Degree of Alteration of Artificially Aged and Environmentally Weathered Microplastics

et al. 2023

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Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) is a spectroscopy technique widely used to identify organic materials. It has recently gained popularity in microplastic (MP) pollution research to determine the chemical composition of unknown plastic fragments. However, it could also be used to evaluate the degree of ageing of MPs collected from the environment. In this context, the principal aim of our research has been to qualitatively evaluate the natural weathering of environmental MPs collected in an Italian freshwater body (the Ofanto River) using ATR-FTIR technology. Furthermore, we compared environmental particles to weathered artificial MPs under controlled light and temperature conditions and to unaltered pristine materials to assess the results. FTIR spectra were acquired using a Nicolet Summit FTIR (ThermoFisher Scientific) equipped with an Everest ATR with a diamond Crystal plate and a DTGS KBr detector (wavenumber range 4000–500 cm−1, 32 scans per spectrum, spectral resolution of 4 cm−1). The degree of ageing was assessed using three different indexes known to be related to changes in MPs: Carbonyl Index (CI), Hydroxyl Index (HI), and Carbon-Oxygen Index (COI). The overall results showed that the regions reflecting changes (hydroxyl groups, peaks from 3100 to 3700 cm−1, alkenes or carbon double bonds, 1600 and 1680 cm−1, and carbonyl groups, 1690 and 1810 cm−1) appeared significantly modified in artificial and natural weathered particles compared to the pristine materials. The indexes calculated for polymers degraded under the artificial photo and thermo ageing conditions displayed a general tendency to increase with the time in contact with irradiation time. Particular enhancements of CI of PS fragment and PE pellet, HI of PE and PS fragments and PE pellet, and COI of PS fragment were observed. Otherwise, the following incubation of the same particles at a constant temperature of 45 °C did not further affect the chemical composition of the particles. Moreover, new unique peaks were also observed in the freshwater particles, almost all in the fingerprint region (1500–500 cm−1). Differences in CI, HI, and COI were evidenced among the different morphological MP shapes. On the one hand, the CI calculated for the environmental PE pellets showed values ranging from 0.05 to 0.26 with a mean value of 0.17 ± 0.10. Most samples (57%) presented a CI with values between 0.16 and 0.30. On the other hand, fragments presented slicer modifications in the carbonyl region with CI values lower than pellets (0.05 ± 0.05). This index helps evaluate the degradation of PE MPs by UV light, increasing with enhancing residence time in the environment. Conversely, fragments showed greater values of HI (5.90 ± 2.57) and COI (1.04 ± 0.48) than pellets, as well as lines, which presented the maximum value of HI (11.51). HI is attributed to the bond vibrations of hydroxyl, carboxyl, or phenol groups. In contrast, COI is frequently attributed to the vibrations of C_O bonds found in carbohydrates, alkanes, secondary alcohols, and ketones. In conclusion, our results showed characteristics spectra acquired from environmental particles compared to pristine and artificial aged ones. The interpretation of our main results emphasizes the need to conduct ecotoxicological experimental studies using naturally weathered particles due to the unicity of their properties, which are more helpful for understanding microplastic pollution effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess the Degree of Alteration of Artificially Aged and Environmentally Weathered Microplastics

et al. 2023

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“…Dendrimers are spherical, multivalent, highly branching macromolecules that are monodispersed and have well‐defined symmetric and three‐dimensional topologies. These substances are regarded as the fundamental building blocks for the thorough synthesis of organic and inorganic nanostructures with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nm and special characteristics [6] . Due to its use in a variety of fields, such as electronics, catalysis, and biological applications, dendrimers have drawn a lot of attention in the recent years.…”

Section: Classification Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At first, straight polymers were the prime topic of polymer technology. Afterwards, however, it became clear which characteristics of extensively branched polymers may differ from those of ordinary polymers [6] . After the three well‐known forms (linear, branched, and cross‐linked polymers), these hyper‐branched structures, known as dendrimers, are considered the fourth important structural class of polymers.…”

Section: Classification Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These substances are regarded as the fundamental building blocks for the thorough synthesis of organic and inorganic nanostructures with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nm and special characteristics. [6] Due to its use in a variety of fields, such as electronics, catalysis, and biological applications, dendrimers have drawn a lot of attention in the recent years. Dendrimers may connect with metallic nano-crystals and nanotubes in addition to organic components like DNA and can also be used to encapsulate substances.…”

Section: Dendrimersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Afterwards, however, it became clear which characteristics of extensively branched polymers may differ from those of ordinary polymers. [6] After the three well-known forms (linear, branched, and cross-linked polymers), these hyper-branched structures, known as dendrimers, are considered the fourth important structural class of polymers. Dendrimers are spherical, multivalent, highly branching macromolecules that are monodispersed and have well-defined symmetric and three-dimensional topologies.…”

Section: Dendrimersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In this review, we discuss Nanotechnology models, which have been developed recently in cancer treatment. Nanotechnology manipulates matter at the atomic and molecular scale to create materials with new and advanced properties. Nano‐biotechnology consists of the branches of nanotechnology that have been applied in biology (molecular and cellular genetics) and biotechnology. Nano‐biotechnology allows us to put components and compounds into cells and build new materials using new methods like assembly. Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. Its therapeutic methods include chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery, but the effects of these techniques are not only on tumor tissue and may affect healthy tissues. Nano‐Biotech applications regarding cancer include drug delivery, treatment, and foresight therapy. This review article aims to obtain a proper mentality of the current technologies of Nano‐biotechnology for cancer treatment.

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Biodegradable plastics: mechanisms of degradation and generated bio microplastic impact on soil health

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Photoaging phenomena of biodegradable polybutylene succinate and conventional low density polyethylene by artificial weathering – A comparative surface study

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess the Degree of Alteration of Artificially Aged and Environmentally Weathered Microplastics

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess the Degree of Alteration of Artificially Aged and Environmentally Weathered Microplastics

Nano‐Biotechnology and Challenges of Drug Delivery System in Cancer Treatment Pathway: Review Article

Biodegradable plastics: mechanisms of degradation and generated bio microplastic impact on soil health

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