Photobiology of RNA Viruses

Murphy, Terence M.; Gordon, Milton P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6693-9_6

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…Another important difference in sensitivity between viral nucleic acid types occurs because the most common lethal photoproducts of UV are pyrimidine dimers, particularly thymine dimers (12). Since DNA but not RNA contains thymine, DNA-containing viruses are generally more sensitive to dam-age by UV than RNA-containing viruses (45,55). In addition, repair can reduce the lethal effect of UV, especially for viruses possessing double-stranded (ds) nucleic acids (34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted Inactivation of Viruses of Relevance to Biodefense by Solar Radiation

Lytle

Sagripanti

2005

J Virol

280

358

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UV radiation from the sun is the primary germicide in the environment. The goal of this study was to estimate inactivation of viruses by solar exposure. We reviewed published reports on 254-nm UV inactivation and tabulated the sensitivities of a wide variety of viruses, including those with double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, or single-stranded RNA genomes. We calculated D 37 values (fluence producing on average one lethal hit per virion and reducing viable virus to 37%) from all available data. We defined "size-normalized sensitivity" (SnS) by multiplying UV 254 sensitivities (D 37 values) by the genome size, and SnS values were relatively constant for viruses with similar genetic composition. In addition, SnS values were similar for complete virions and their defective particles, even when the corresponding D 37 values were significantly different. We used SnS to estimate the UV 254 sensitivities of viruses for which the genome composition and size were known but no UV inactivation data were available, including smallpox virus, Ebola, Marburg, Crimean-Congo, Junin, and other hemorrhagic viruses, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis and other encephalitis viruses. We compiled available data on virus inactivation as a function of wavelength and calculated a composite action spectrum that allowed extrapolation from the 254-nm data to solar UV. We combined our estimates of virus sensitivity with solar measurements at different geographical locations to predict virus inactivation. Our predictions agreed with the available experimental data. This work should be a useful step to understanding and eventually predicting the survival of viruses after their release in the environment.

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confidence: 99%

Predicted Inactivation of Viruses of Relevance to Biodefense by Solar Radiation

Lytle

Sagripanti

2005

J Virol

280

358

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“…The UV sensitivity of RNA viruses has long been studied (Murphy & Gordon, 1981), but the mechanism of UV inactivation is still not clear. There have been several reports on the mechanisms of UV inactivation in retroviruses: retroviruses are much more resistant than other RNA viruses to UV, if the size of their RNA genomes is considered (Henderson et al, 1992;Levinson & Rubin 1966;Owada et al, 1976;Yoshikura, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been supposed that the formation of pyrimidine hydrates and cyclobutadipyrimidines is important in the UV inactivation of RNA viruses, as it is for DNA viruses (Murphy & Gordon, 1981).…”

Section: Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The UV sensitivity of HTLV-I was also investigated using this PCR system. It has been known for a long time that retroviruses are, in general, more UV-resistant than other RNA viruses containing genomes of a similar length (Henderson et al, 1992;Levinson & Rubin, 1966;Murphy & Gordon, 1981;Owada et al, 1976). As for the dose required to reduce the infectivity to 10 % (D 10 ), it has been reported that the D 10 values of murine leukaemia virus (MuLV), bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are 370, 220 and 280 J m 22 , respectively (Guillemain et al, 1981;Yoshikura, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human T-cell leukaemia virus type I is highly sensitive to UV-C light

Shimizu

Tanaka

et al. 2004

Journal of General Virology

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The biological characteristics of human T-cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I) are not yet well understood. UV light C (UV-C) sensitivity of HTLV-I was studied using a newly established infectivity assay: infection with cell-free HTLV-I dose-dependently induced syncytial plaques in cat cells transduced with the tax1 gene of HTLV-I. HTLV-I was inactivated by a much lower UV dose than bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). The D 10 (10 % survival dose) of HTLV-I was about 20 J m "2 , while that of BLV was about 180 J m "2 , which was similar to the reported D 10 of BLV.The UV sensitivity of HTLV-I and BLV was also examined by detecting viral DNA synthesis 24 h after infection. The D 10 values determined by PCR using the gag primers for HTLV-I and BLV were close to those determined by the infectivity assays. Further PCR analyses were then performed to determine D 10 values using several different primers located between the 59-long terminal repeat (59-LTR) and the tax1 gene. The difference in UV sensitivity between HTLV-I and BLV was detected very early during replication, even during reverse transcription of the 59-LTR of irradiated viruses, and became more prominent as reverse transcription proceeded towards the tax1 gene. Chimeric mouse retroviruses that contain the LTR-tax1 fragments of HTLV-I and BLV were made and hardly any difference in UV sensitivity was detected between them, suggesting that the difference was not determined by the linear RNA sequences of HTLV-I and BLV. HTLV-I was found to be much more sensitive than other retroviruses to UV.

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“…The difference in sensitivity between viral nucleic acid types occurs because the most common lethal photoproducts of UV are pyrimidine dimers, particularly thymine dimers (Friedberg et al 1995), resulting in transcription errors when the DNA replicates Clancy 2008). Since DNA but not RNA contains thymine, DNA-containing viruses are generally more sensitive to damage by UV than RNA-containing viruses (Murphy and Gordon 1981). In one common damage event, adjacent thymine bases bond with each other, instead of across the "ladder".…”

Section: Conical Cyanophage Net (Ccn) Biocontrol Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages: Practical Applications for Nature's Biocontrol

Jassim¹,

Limoges²

2017

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Photobiology of RNA Viruses

Cited by 7 publications

References 205 publications

Predicted Inactivation of Viruses of Relevance to Biodefense by Solar Radiation

Predicted Inactivation of Viruses of Relevance to Biodefense by Solar Radiation

Human T-cell leukaemia virus type I is highly sensitive to UV-C light

Bacteriophages: Practical Applications for Nature's Biocontrol

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