Photobiomodulation and the brain: a new paradigm

Hennessy, Madison; Hamblin, Michael R.

doi:10.1088/2040-8986/19/1/013003

Cited by 171 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…This data supports the suggestion that at certain point, the cytoplasmic LDs, instead of playing a protective role, become toxic for cells and trigger cell death . We thus suggest that PBM may cause lipid peroxidation and/or alterations in the lipid content through modulation of mitochondrial ROS production , resulting in triggering excessive LDs formation and subsequent cell death . In order to verify this hypothesis, we monitored the level of ROS generation in HeLa cells before and after irradiation with 0.3 J/cm 2 (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Cellular transformations in near‐infrared light‐induced apoptosis in cancer cells revealed by label‐free CARS imaging

Levchenko

Kuzmin

Pliss

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

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Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves light to activate cellular signaling pathways leading to cell proliferation or death. In this work, fluorescence and Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) imaging techniques were applied to assess apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) induced by near infrared (NIR) laser light (808 nm). Using the Caspase 3/7 fluorescent probe to identify apoptotic cells, we found that the pro‐apoptotic effect is significantly dependent of irradiation dose. The highest apoptosis rate was noted for the lower irradiation doses, that is, 0.3 J/cm2 (~58%) and 3 J/cm2 (~28%). The impact of light doses on proteins/lipids intracellular metabolism and distribution was evaluated using CARS imaging, which revealed apoptosis‐associated reorganization of nuclear proteins and cytoplasmic lipids after irradiation with 0.3 J/cm2. Doses of NIR light causing apoptosis (0.3, 3 and 30 J/cm2) induced a gradual increase in the nuclear protein level over time, in contrast to proteins in cells non‐irradiated and irradiated with 10 J/cm2. Furthermore, irradiation of the cells with the 0.3 J/cm2 dose resulted in lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation, which was apparently caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. We suggest that PBM induced apoptosis could be caused by the ability of NIR light to trigger excessive LDs formation which, in turn, induces cellular cytotoxicity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Cellular transformations in near‐infrared light‐induced apoptosis in cancer cells revealed by label‐free CARS imaging

Levchenko

Kuzmin

Pliss

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…The best‐known medical applications of PBM have been for indications, including stimulation of wound healing (Hopkins, McLoda, Seegmiller, Baxter, ; Kovacs, Mester, & Gorog, ), reduction of pain, reduction of inflammation in orthopedic and musculoskeletal conditions (Aimbire et al, ; Gam, Thorsen, & Lonnberg, ), and mitigation of cancer therapy side effects (Zecha et al, ; Zecha et al, ). However, in recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of PBM in various brain disorders (Hamblin, ; Hennessy & Hamblin, ; Naeser & Hamblin, ; Naeser & Hamblin, ). The (almost) complete lack of any adverse side effects of PBM, coupled with the growing disillusion with pharmaceutical drugs that affect brain function, have combined together to suggest an alternative physical therapy approach to improving brain function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke

Hamblin

2017

J of Neuroscience Research

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There is a notable lack of therapeutic alternatives for what is fast becoming a global epidemic of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Photobiomodulation (PBM) employs red or near-infrared (NIR) light (600-1100nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dying, increase mitochondrial function, improve blood flow and tissue oxygenation. PBM can also act to reduce swelling, increase antioxidants, decrease inflammation, protect against apoptosis, and modulate microglial activation state. All these mechanisms of action strongly suggest that PBM delivered to the head should be beneficial in cases of both acute and chronic TBI. Most reports have used NIR light either from lasers or from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Many studies in small animal models of acute TBI have found positive effects on neurological function, learning and memory, and reduced inflammation and cell death, in the brain. There is evidence that PBM can help the brain to repair itself by stimulating neurogenesis, upregulating BDNF synthesis, and encouraging synaptogenesis. In healthy human volunteers (including students and healthy elderly women) PBM has been shown to increase regional cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygenation and improve memory, mood and cognitive function. Clinical studies have been conducted in patients suffering from the chronic effects of TBI. There have been reports of improvements in executive function, working memory, and improved sleep. Functional magnetic resonance imaging has shown modulation of activation in intrinsic brain networks likely to be damaged in TBI (default mode network and salience network).

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“…This process involves a respiratory chain of five enzyme complexes which, if altered, would influence ATP synthesis. It has been suggested that tPBM, by delivering photons (energy particles) to the tissue, may promote one of such complexes -cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) or respiratory chain complex IV -restoring or enhancing ATP production and leading to more energy available for neuronal activity (Hennessy & Hamblin, 2017). Several studies reported an upregulation effect on CCO from both the LED and laser light therapy at or close to 830 nm, which led to the neuronal increase in energy production (Mochizuki-Oda et al, 2002;Wong-Riley et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Near-Infrared Light: Dose-Dependent Effects on EEG Oscillations but not Cerebral Blood Flow

Spera

Sitnikova

Ward

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Objective: Our objective was to assess whether transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with near-infrared light (NIR) shows modulatory effects on cerebral electrical activity through electroencephalogram (EEG) and cerebral blood flow (CBF).Background: tPBM has emerged as a novel intervention for several neuropsychiatric conditions due to its neuroprotective and neuroenhancement effects. Methods: We conducted a single-blind, sham-controlled pilot study to test the effect of continuous (c-tPBM), pulse (p-tPBM) and sham (s-tPBM) transcranial photobiomodulation on EEG oscillations and CBT using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) in a sample of ten healthy subjects [6 F/ 4 M; mean age 28.6 ± 12.9 (SD) years]. c-tPBM NIR (830 nm; 54.8 mW/cm²; 65.8 J/cm²; 2.3 kJ) and p-tPBM (830 nm; 10Hz; 54.8 mW/cm²; 33%; 21.7 J/cm²; 0.8 kJ) were delivered concurrently to the frontal areas (F4, Fp2, Fp1, F3 -total surface 35.8 cm²) by four LED clusters (TPBM-1000 Litecure). EEG and DCS recordings were performed weekly before, during, and after each tPBM session (in sequence: c-tPBM, s-tPBM and p-tPBM). Results: Only c-tPBM significantly boosted gamma (t = 3.02, df = 7, p < .02) and beta (t = 2.91, df = 7, p < .03) EEG spectral powers in eyes-open recordings and gamma power (t = 3.61, df = 6, p < .015) in eyes-closed recordings, with the largest effects in the posterior regions. There was no significant effect of NIR-tPBM on CBF compared to sham. Conclusions: Our data suggest a dose-dependent effect of tPBM with NIR (c-tPBM) on cerebral gamma and beta neuronal activity. Altogether, our findings support the neuromodulatory effect of transcranial NIR.

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Photobiomodulation and the brain: a new paradigm

Cited by 171 publications

References 103 publications

Cellular transformations in near‐infrared light‐induced apoptosis in cancer cells revealed by label‐free CARS imaging

Cellular transformations in near‐infrared light‐induced apoptosis in cancer cells revealed by label‐free CARS imaging

Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke

Transcranial Near-Infrared Light: Dose-Dependent Effects on EEG Oscillations but not Cerebral Blood Flow

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