Photobiomodulation: lasers vs. light emitting diodes?

Heiskanen, Vladimir; Hamblin, Michael R.

doi:10.1039/c8pp00176f

Cited by 243 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…[93][94][95] A recent review concluded that there were no substantial differences between lasers and LEDs for PBM applications provided all the other light parameters were equal. 96…”

Section: Laser Versus Noncoherent Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of light parameters and photobiomodulation efficacy: dive into complexity

2018

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Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, previously known as low-level laser therapy, was discovered more than 50 years ago, yet there is still no agreement on the parameters and protocols for its clinical application. Some groups have recommended the use of a power density less than 100 mW∕cm 2 and an energy density of 4 to 10 J∕cm 2 at the level of the target tissue. Others recommend as much as 50 J∕cm 2 at the tissue surface. The wide range of parameters that can be applied (wavelength, energy, fluence, power, irradiance, pulse mode, treatment duration, and repetition) in some cases has led to contradictory results. In our review, we attempt to evaluate the range of effective and ineffective parameters in PBM. Studies in vitro with cultured cells or in vivo with different tissues were divided into those with higher numbers of mitochondria (muscle, brain, heart, nerve) or lower numbers of mitochondria (skin, tendon, cartilage). Graphs were plotted of energy density against power density. Although the results showed a high degree of variability, cells/tissues with high numbers of mitochondria tended to respond to lower doses of light than those with lower number of mitochondria. Ineffective studies in cells with high mitochondrial activity appeared to be more often due to over-dosing than to under-dosing.

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“…[93][94][95] A recent review concluded that there were no substantial differences between lasers and LEDs for PBM applications provided all the other light parameters were equal. 96…”

Section: Laser Versus Noncoherent Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of light parameters and photobiomodulation efficacy: dive into complexity

2018

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“…This increase in acceptance is partly due to the increased availability of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with wavelengths in the red and NIR regions and substantial levels of power density (up to 100 mW/cm 2 over fairly large areas). Most available evidence suggests that LEDs perform equally well compared to lasers of similar wavelengths and power density [4]. However, LEDs have the advantages of more safety, lower cost, and better suitability for home use.…”

Section: Introduction To Photobiomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation for Alzheimer’s Disease: Has the Light Dawned?

Hamblin

2019

Photonics

104

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Next to cancer, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia is probably the most worrying health problem facing the Western world today. A large number of clinical trials have failed to show any benefit of the tested drugs in stabilizing or reversing the steady decline in cognitive function that is suffered by dementia patients. Although the pathological features of AD consisting of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles are well established, considerable debate exists concerning the genetic or lifestyle factors that predispose individuals to developing dementia. Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the therapeutic use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain and inflammation, and prevent tissue from dying. In recent years PBM has been applied for a diverse range of brain disorders, frequently applied in a non-invasive manner by shining light on the head (transcranial PBM). The present review discusses the mechanisms of action of tPBM in the brain, and summarizes studies that have used tPBM to treat animal models of AD. The results of a limited number of clinical trials that have used tPBM to treat patients with AD and dementia are discussed.

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“…However, another non‐pharmacological strategy that has recently been shown to improve obesity‐induced dysfunctions is photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). PBMT uses red or near‐infrared light, such as low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) or light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) therapy to induce biological effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin resistance is improved in high‐fat fed mice by photobiomodulation therapy at 630 nm

Silva

Ferraresi

Almeida

et al. 2020

Journal of Biophotonics

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Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the infrared spectrum exerts positive effects on glucose metabolism, but the use of PBMT at the red spectrum has not been assessed. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into low‐fat control and high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and were treated with red (630 nm) PBMT or no treatment (Sham) during weeks 9 to 12. PBMT was delivered at 31.19 J/cm2, 60 J total dose per day for 20 days. In HFD‐fed mice, PBMT improved glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and fasting hyperinsulinemia. PBMT also reduced adiposity and inflammatory infiltrate in adipose tissue. Phosphorylation of Akt in epididymal adipose tissue and rectus femoralis muscle was improved by PBMT. In epididymal fat PBMT reversed the reduced phosphorylation of AS160 and the reduced Glut4 content. In addition, PBMT reversed the alterations caused by HFD in rectus femoralis muscle on proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and β‐oxidation. In conclusion, PBMT at red spectrum improved insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in HFD‐fed mice.

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Photobiomodulation: lasers vs. light emitting diodes?

Cited by 243 publications

References 120 publications

Review of light parameters and photobiomodulation efficacy: dive into complexity

Review of light parameters and photobiomodulation efficacy: dive into complexity

Photobiomodulation for Alzheimer’s Disease: Has the Light Dawned?

Insulin resistance is improved in high‐fat fed mice by photobiomodulation therapy at 630 nm

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