Photobiomodulation reduces hippocampal apoptotic cell death and produces a Raman spectroscopic “signature”

Davies, David; Pietro, Valentina Di; Lazzarino, Giuseppe; Forcione, Mario; Harris, Georgia; Stevens, Andrew R; Soon, Wai Cheong; Oppenheimer, Pola Goldberg; Milward, Michael; Belli, Antonio; Palin, William M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264533

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It should be noted that M2 microglia can carry out phagocytosis, and could therefore dispose of beta-amyloid plaque in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. 4) Anti-apoptotic affects caused by PBM, which could prevent the death of cortical neurons [15]. 5) Stimulation of neurogenesis (production of new neurons from progenitor cells existing in the brain), and synaptogenesis (production of new connections between existing neurons) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation with Super-Pulsed Laser Shows Efficacy for Stroke and Aphasia: Case Studies

Stephan¹,

Banas²,

Misiak³

et al. 2023

WJNS

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Background: Brain disorders have become more and more common today, due to both the aging population and the ever-expanding sports community. However, a new therapeutic technology called photobiomodulation (PBM) is giving hope to thousands of individuals in need. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), dementia, post traumatic stress (PTSD) and attention deficit (ADD) disorders are in many cases quickly and safely improved by PBM. PBM employs red or near-infrared (NIR) light (600 -1100 nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dying, increase mitochondrial function, improve blood flow, and tissue oxygenation. PBM can also act to reduce edema, increase antioxidants, decrease inflammation, protect against apoptosis, and modulate the microglial activation state. All these effects can occur when light is delivered to the head, and can be beneficial in both acute and chronic brain conditions. Methods: In this case series, we used a high power, FDA-approved superpulsed laser system applied to the head to treat four chronic stroke patients. Patients received as few as three 6 -9 minute treatments over a one-week period. The follow up time varied, but in one case was two years. Results: Patients showed significant improvement in their speech and verbal skills. Improvements were also noticed in walking ability, limb movement, less numbness, and better vision. Conclusion: The use of PBM in stroke rehabilitation deserves to be tested in controlled clinical trials, because this common condition has no approved pharmaceutical treatment at present.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation with Super-Pulsed Laser Shows Efficacy for Stroke and Aphasia: Case Studies

Stephan¹,

Banas²,

Misiak³

et al. 2023

WJNS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In an animal study involving a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, a significantly higher proportion of apoptotic cells was observed in the control group than in the PBM group. This means that PBM has the potential to reduce cell loss to apoptosis in injured neurological tissue [ 55 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiological Aspects Of Tbi and Related Pbm Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apoptotic cell death PBM activates anti-apoptotic mechanisms, potentially preventing cell death and promoting neurogenesis [47,[54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Axonal Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery with Photobiomodulation: Cellular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Future Potential

Lim

2024

Cells

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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a significant global health challenge, lacking effective pharmacological treatments. This shortcoming is attributed to TBI’s heterogeneous and complex pathophysiology, which includes axonal damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and persistent neuroinflammation. The objective of this study is to analyze transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM), which employs specific red to near-infrared light wavelengths to modulate brain functions, as a promising therapy to address TBI’s complex pathophysiology in a single intervention. This study reviews the feasibility of this therapy, firstly by synthesizing PBM’s cellular mechanisms with each identified TBI’s pathophysiological aspect. The outcomes in human clinical studies are then reviewed. The findings support PBM’s potential for treating TBI, notwithstanding variations in parameters such as wavelength, power density, dose, light source positioning, and pulse frequencies. Emerging data indicate that each of these parameters plays a role in the outcomes. Additionally, new research into PBM’s effects on the electrical properties and polymerization dynamics of neuronal microstructures, like microtubules and tubulins, provides insights for future parameter optimization. In summary, transcranial PBM represents a multifaceted therapeutic intervention for TBI with vast potential which may be fulfilled by optimizing the parameters. Future research should investigate optimizing these parameters, which is possible by incorporating artificial intelligence.

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Implantable and transcutaneous photobiomodulation promote neuroregeneration and recovery of lost function after spinal cord injury

Stevens,

Hadis,

Phillips

et al. 2024

Bioengineering & Transla Med

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a cause of profound and irreversible damage, with no effective therapy to promote functional recovery. Photobiomodulation (PBM) may provide a viable therapeutic approach using red or near‐infrared light to promote recovery after SCI by mitigating neuroinflammation and preventing neuronal apoptosis. Our current study aimed to optimize PBM dose regimens and develop and validate the efficacy of an invasive PBM delivery paradigm for SCI. Dose optimization studies were performed using a serum withdrawal model of injury in cultures of primary adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGN). Implantable and transcutaneous PBM delivery protocols were developed and validated using cadaveric modeling. The efficacy of PBM in promoting recovery after SCI in vivo was studied in a dorsal column crush injury model of SCI in adult rats. Optimal neuroprotection in vitro was achieved between 4 and 22 mW/cm2. 11 mW/cm2 for 1 min per day (0.66 J/cm2) increased cell viability by 45% over 5 days (p <0.0001), increasing neurite outgrowth by 25% (p <0.01). A method for invasive application of PBM was developed using a diffusion‐tipped optogenetics fiber optic. Delivery methods for PBM were developed and validated for both invasive (iPBM) and noninvasive (transcutaneous) (tcPBM) application. iPBM and tcPBM (24 mW/cm2 at spinal cord, 1 min per day (1.44 J/cm2) up to 7 days) increased activation of regeneration‐associated protein at 3 days after SCI, increasing GAP43+ axons in DRGN from 18.0% (control) to 41.4% ± 10.5 (iPBM) and 45.8% ± 3.4 (tcPBM) (p <0.05). This corresponded to significant improvements at 6 weeks post‐injury in functional locomotor and sensory function recovery (p <0.01), axonal regeneration (p <0.01), and reduced lesion size (p <0.01). Our results demonstrated that PBM achieved a significant therapeutic benefit after SCI, either using iPBM or tcPBM application and can potentially be developed for clinical use in SCI patients.

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Photobiomodulation reduces hippocampal apoptotic cell death and produces a Raman spectroscopic “signature”

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Photobiomodulation with Super-Pulsed Laser Shows Efficacy for Stroke and Aphasia: Case Studies

Photobiomodulation with Super-Pulsed Laser Shows Efficacy for Stroke and Aphasia: Case Studies

Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery with Photobiomodulation: Cellular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Future Potential

Implantable and transcutaneous photobiomodulation promote neuroregeneration and recovery of lost function after spinal cord injury

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