Photobiomodulation—Underlying Mechanism and Clinical Applications

Dompe, Claudia; Moncrieff, Lisa; Matys, Jacek; Grzech‐Leśniak, Kinga; Kocherova, Ievgeniia; Bryja, Artur; Bruska, M; Dominiak, Marzena; Mozdziak, Paul; Skiba, Tárcio Hiroshi Ishimine; Shibli, Jamil Awad; Volponi, Ana Angelova; Kempisty, Bartosz; Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska, Marta

doi:10.3390/jcm9061724

Cited by 402 publications

(323 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Results here showed a generally beneficial effect of LLLT after cal specialties, notably dermatology and dentistry [27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Low Level Light Therapy as an Adjunct Treatment for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Stonecipher¹,

Komm²,

R³

2020

Act Sci Oph

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Importance: This study highlights the adjunctive value of low-level light therapy (LLLT) in the management of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Background: To evaluate the effects of LLLT treatment on clinical measures of dry eye related to MGD in patients unresponsive to previous therapies. Design: A retrospective chart review of patients treated at one site. Participants: Fifty eyes of 25 treated patients who were documented treatment failures with previous pharmaceuticals and/or devices were evaluated. Methods: LLLT treatment consisted of 3 treatments in one week, with adjunct use of a topical steroid/antibiotic combination. The post-treatment diagnostic measures had to have been made 3 to 5 weeks after the last LLLT treatment. Main Outcome Measures: Results included changes in the graded MGD score (grading scale 0-4), tear breakup time (TBUT), an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire score and lissamine green (LG) staining. Results: Significant improvements in the mean OSDI score (p = 0.002), MGD grading (p < 0.001), TBUT (p < 0.001) and both nasal and temporal LG staining (p < 0.02) were observed after treatment. An MGD grade reduction of 1 or more was observed in 72% of eyes (36/50), and 2 or more in 32% of eyes (16/50). There were no ocular or facial adverse events or side effects related to the treatment. Conclusion: The application of LLLT over a short series of sessions for the treatment of MGD appeared to be beneficial in the majority of patients who had failed to improve with alternative pharmaceutical and device interventions.

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“…Results here showed a generally beneficial effect of LLLT after cal specialties, notably dermatology and dentistry [27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Low Level Light Therapy as an Adjunct Treatment for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Stonecipher¹,

Komm²,

R³

2020

Act Sci Oph

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“…Being non-invasive and painless, with very few side effects depending on the patient's health status, and with no known risks associated, PBM heightens the energy, triggering self-organizing phenomena and tissue repair, bringing relief of physical pain or symptoms, and governing the interplay of the oxidative stress by playing multiple roles; it can induce cell proliferation and enhance stem cell differentiation, assisting rejuvenation and normalizing the cellular functions [138,139].…”

Section: Photobiomodulation: Short History Basic Concepts and Currementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Arthritis in Children and Adults: New Perspectives on Applied Photobiomodulation

Ailioaie

Litscher

2020

IJMS

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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult rheumatoid arthritis are two major groups with chronic joint pain and inflammation, extra-articular manifestations, and high risk of comorbidities, which can cause physical and ocular disability, as well as create great socio-economic pressure worldwide. The pathogenesis of arthritis manifested in childhood and adulthood is multifactorial, unclear, and overly complex, in which immunity plays an important role. Although there are more and more biological agents with different mechanisms of action for the treatment of arthritis, the results are not as expected, because there are partial responses or non-responsive patients to these compounds, high therapeutic costs, side effects, and so on; therefore, we must turn our attention to other therapeutic modalities. Updating knowledge on molecular and cellular mechanisms in the comparative pathogenesis of chronic arthritis in both children and adults is necessary in the early and correct approach to treatment. Photobiomodulation (PBM) represents a good option, offering cost-effective advantages over drug therapy, with a quicker, more positive response to treatment and no side effects. The successful management of PBM in arthritis is based on the clinician’s ability to evaluate correctly the inflammatory status of the patient, to seek the optimal solution, to choose the best technology with the best physical parameters, and to select the mode of action to target very precisely the immune system and the molecular signaling pathways at the molecular level with the exact amount of quantum light energy in order to obtain the desired immune modulation and the remission of the disease. Light is a very powerful tool in medicine because it can simultaneously target many cascades of immune system activation in comparison with drugs, so PBM can perform very delicate tasks inside our cells to modulate cellular dysfunctions, helping to initiate self-organization phenomena and finally, healing the disease. Interdisciplinary teams should work diligently to meet these needs by also using single-cell imaging devices for multispectral laser photobiomodulation on immune cells.

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“…Low levels of ROS can be helpful for neuronal growth and disease management, and a number of therapies can generate a controlled amount of ROS. Photo biomodulation or PBM therapy has already been applied to several disease conditions as a successful treatment strategy [ 163 ] and has also been studied for neuronal treatments. This phenomenon needs to be further studied for optimization and for introducing it as a new strategy for neuronal regeneration.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Reactive Species Generation in Plasma Medicine for Neuronal Development

et al. 2020

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical signaling molecules for neuronal physiology that stimulate growth and development and play vital roles in several pathways when in a balanced state, but they cause neurodegeneration when unbalanced. As ROS levels above a certain threshold cause the activation of the autophagy system, moderate levels of ROS can be used as treatment strategies. Currently, such treatments are used together with low-level laser or photodynamic therapies, photo-bio modulation, or infrared treatments, in different chronic diseases but not in the treatment of neurodegeneration. Recently, non-thermal plasma has been successfully used in biomedical applications and treatments, and beneficial effects such as differentiation, cell growth, and proliferation, stimulation of ROS based pathways have been observed. Besides the activation of a wide range of biological signaling pathways by generating ROS, plasma application can be an effective treatment in neuronal regeneration, as well as in neuronal diseases. In this review, we summarize the generation and role of ROS in neurons and provide critical insights into their potential benefits on neurons. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms of ROS on neuronal development. Regarding clinical applications, we focus on ROS-based neuronal growth and regeneration strategies and in the usage of non-thermal plasma in neuronal and CNS injury treatments.

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Photobiomodulation—Underlying Mechanism and Clinical Applications

Cited by 402 publications

References 92 publications

Low Level Light Therapy as an Adjunct Treatment for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Low Level Light Therapy as an Adjunct Treatment for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Arthritis in Children and Adults: New Perspectives on Applied Photobiomodulation

Utility of Reactive Species Generation in Plasma Medicine for Neuronal Development

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