Photobioreactors

Chang, Jo‐Shu; Show, Pau Loke; Ling, Tau Chuan; Chen, C.-Y.; Ho, Shih Hsin; Tan, Chung Hong; Phong, Win Nee

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63663-8.00011-2

Cited by 54 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Proper mixing is often needed in closed systems to prevent the loss of biomass due to the dark zones inside the reactor. On the other hand, in open systems, light penetration is sufficient and can reach around a 20 cm depth [5,17,18]. On the basis of the literature available, some of the major differences in the open and closed systems are highlighted and shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Methods Of Microalgae Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of Oily Microalgae for the Production of Third-Generation Biofuels

et al. 2019

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Biofuel production by oleaginous microalgae is a promising alternative to the conventional fossil fuels. Many microalgae species have been investigated and deemed as potential renewable sources for the production of biofuel, biogas, food supplements and other products. Oleaginous microalgae, named for their ability to produce oil, are reported to store 30–70% of lipid content due to its metabolic properties under nutrient starvation conditions. This review presents the assortment of the research studies focused on biofuel production from oleaginous microalgae. The new methods and technologies developed for oleaginous microalgae cultivation to improve their biomass content and lipid accumulation capacity were reviewed. The production of renewable, carbon neutral, bio-based or microalgae-based transport fuels are necessary for environmental protection and economic sustainability. Microalgae are a significant source of renewable biodiesel because of their ability to produce oils in the presence of sunlight more efficiently than that of crop oils. This review will provide the background to understanding the bottlenecks and the need for improvement in the cultivation or harvesting process for oleaginous microalgae.

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Section: Methods Of Microalgae Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of Oily Microalgae for the Production of Third-Generation Biofuels

et al. 2019

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“…At light saturation, the rate of photon absorption exceeds the electron turnover, and therefore resulting in no further increase in the photosynthetic activity. With a further increase in the light intensity, an irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus occurs, which is called photo-inhibition [ 33 ]. Below saturation, light is one of the key factors affecting the MAB productivity of autotrophic microalgae.…”

Section: Microalgae As the Third Generation Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lower temperature can also induce the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids, which are used to overcome the problems of membrane fluidity. Growth inhibition at above-optimal temperatures is mainly attributed to heat stress that might denature functional proteins and photosynthetic enzymes [ 33 ]. A typical bell-shaped curve of microalgal growth can be obtained as a function of temperature, and the microalgal growth might vary with species and other environmental conditions.…”

Section: Microalgae As the Third Generation Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tubular PBRs are most commonly used for the commercial production of microalgae, and it differ from the vertical column PBRs in terms of surface-area-to-volume ratio, gas dispersion ratio, mass transfer characteristics, fluid movement and illumination levels [ 86 ]. Tubular PBRs are typically composed of transparent polypropylene acrylic or polyvinylchloride pipes with small internal diameters arranged in different configurations, such as horizontally, helically, vertically, inclined, α-type and so on [ 33 ]. A minimum diameter of the tube should be maintained to ensure an efficient light penetration; an increase in the diameter of tube will decrease the surface-area-to-volume ratio, thereby affecting light capture.…”

Section: Microalgae As the Third Generation Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haematococcus pluvialis is cultivated in open ponds and raceways for astaxanthin production. Murellopsis sp., Scenedesmus almeriensis , and Chlorella protothecoides are the known producers of lutein, i.e., a pigment very promising in the alleviation of age-related macular degeneration [ 33 ]. The biological activities of microalgal pigments include antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-angiogenic, and neuroprotective [ 124 ].…”

Section: Microalgae As the Third Generation Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Holistic Approach to Managing Microalgae for Biofuel Applications

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Tang

Nagarajan

et al. 2017

IJMS

131

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Microalgae contribute up to 60% of the oxygen content in the Earth’s atmosphere by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen during photosynthesis. Microalgae are abundantly available in the natural environment, thanks to their ability to survive and grow rapidly under harsh and inhospitable conditions. Microalgal cultivation is environmentally friendly because the microalgal biomass can be utilized for the productions of biofuels, food and feed supplements, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. The cultivation of microalgal also can complement approaches like carbon dioxide sequestration and bioremediation of wastewaters, thereby addressing the serious environmental concerns. This review focuses on the factors affecting microalgal cultures, techniques adapted to obtain high-density microalgal cultures in photobioreactors, and the conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels. The applications of microalgae in carbon dioxide sequestration and phycoremediation of wastewater are also discussed.

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Hydrogen Production from Wastewater by Biochemical Methods

Ramprakash

Muthukumar

2019

Encyclopedia of Water

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The environmental impacts associated with fossil fuels and depletion of their resources motivated the development of alternate fuels. Hydrogen is an attractive alternate fuel with high heating value and no environmental impact. Although hydrogen is majorly produced by steam reforming, biochemical production especially from carbohydrate rich wastes is of great interest. Hydrogen production from these wastes is carried out by indirect/direct biophotolysis, dark fermentation, two‐stage fermentation and photofermentation. The major constraints of these processes are low hydrogen evolution rate and less yield at large scale. However, effective pretreatment of substrates and inoculum maximize the yield of hydrogen. The factors influence the hydrogen production include nature of microorganism, biochemical process/reactor, temperature, pH, ionic strength, hydraulic retention time, hydrogen and carbon dioxide partial pressure, organic acid concentration, and C/N ratio. The commercial exploitation of biohydrogen production is hindered by lack of high potential microorganism and bioreactor. Hence, it demands multidisciplinary research to understand the fundamental underlying principles besides the development of microbial strains for industrial applications.

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Photobioreactors

Cited by 54 publications

References 126 publications

Cultivation of Oily Microalgae for the Production of Third-Generation Biofuels

Cultivation of Oily Microalgae for the Production of Third-Generation Biofuels

A Holistic Approach to Managing Microalgae for Biofuel Applications

Hydrogen Production from Wastewater by Biochemical Methods

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