Photocatalysis for synergistic water remediation and H2 production: A review

Research progress of dual-atom site catalysts for photocatalysis

“…The key to the first step of the photocatalytic HER is that the energy of photons absorbed by the semiconductor is greater than the optical band gap of the semiconductor. 72,73 The specific process is that the semiconductor catalyst absorbs the energy of incident light, excites the electrons from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO, located at the top of the valence band (VB)) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO, located at the bottom of the conduction band (CB)) and generates excitons, that is, excited electron-hole pairs. 74,75 Such excitons can then be dissociated into free electrons and holes through exciton binding energy (where 'free' refers to the case that the photogenerated electrons and holes are not bound together).…”

Advances in Computational Methods for Modeling Photocatalytic Reactions: A Review of Recent Developments

“…To efficiently split water, the photocatalyst must have a wide band gap (>1.23 eV). However, in practice, factors such as internal material resistance and the overpotential of the water-splitting reaction elevate the necessary bandgap energy, ranging from 1.6 to 2.4 eV [55,56]. It is also crucial to emphasize that water splitting is an energy-demanding process with ∆H > 0.…”

Photo-, electro-, and photoelectro-catalytic conversion of glucose into high value-added products

“…H 2 is considered the most valuable clean energy carrier, and the utilization of renewable energy sources for hydrogen production is of great significance in solving today's energy and environmental problems. 62 Water splitting by sunlight in the presence of a photocatalyst is considered to be one of the ideal routes for hydrogen production, but the efficiency of hydrogen production by photocatalysis is rather limited. 63 The efficiency of hydrogen production can be improved by introducing some sacrificial agents ( e.g.…”