“…However, these semiconductor photocatalysts commonly exhibit characteristics such as a narrow light absorption range, wide band gap, and high electron–hole recombination efficiency. To address these limitations, researchers have proposed various strategies, such as metal doping (Huang et al, 2015; Li et al, 2013; Osaki et al, 2019), nonmetallic doping (Bai et al, 2022; Kuo et al, 2021), noble metal deposition (Hara et al, 2003; Tang, Zhao, et al, 2022; Yao et al, 2011), surface modification (Chang & Cho, 2016; Chankhanittha et al, 2021; Mkhalid, 2018), and the formation of heterojunctions (Joseph et al, 2021; Yang et al, 2020; Yao et al, 2011; Zheng et al, 2020). We utilized the “Web of Science” database to conduct a keyword search using terms such as “Photocatalysis,” “degradation of pollutants in water,” and a specific year (e.g., 2013) to evaluate the research landscape in the field of photocatalysis.…”