“…With TZ1, TZ2, TZ3, TZ4 and TZ5, the absorption intensities decreased, and the concentration decreased to 0.067, 0.167, 0.650, 0.245 and 0.008 after 180 min compared to the initial concentration of 1. These results show improved performance compared to the literature with similar experimental conditions [ 12 ]. TZ5 has a methylene blue degradation rate of 99.2%, which is about 14.2% higher than the remaining 85.0% in the literature.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 55%
“…Titanium dioxide has excellent chemical, electrical and optical properties, as well as chemical stability. For that reason, it is used in many different fields of study and industry, in photocatalysts, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite sensitized solar cells, metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, dental implants, interferometric sensors, photonic crystals and other applications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. It is a very useful material and is commonly used for photocatalysts due to its photoactivity, high stability, low cost and safety for the environment and humans [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As the photo-excited electrons are transferred from the valence band to the conduction band, electron-hole pairs are produced and a powerful oxidation reaction occurs. To increase the photo-activity and efficiency of photocatalysts, researchers have fabricated and reported many nanostructures of TiO 2 , such as nanoparticles, nanofibers and nanotubes [ 1 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Their nanostructures were fabricated by the sol-gel method, hydrothermal treatment, anodic oxidation and electrospinning [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 23 ].…”
Photocatalysts are the most important technology in air pollution removal and the detoxification of organic materials. Doping and complexation are among the most used methods to improve the efficiency of photocatalysts. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanomaterials are widely used materials for photocatalysts and the degradation of toxic materials. Their mixed structure can be fabricated by many methods and the structure affects their properties. Nanofibers are efficient materials for photocatalysts due to their vertically formed structure, which improves the charge separation of photoelectrons. We fabricated them by an electrospinning process. A precursor consisting of titanium 4-isopropoxide, zinc acetate dihydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a spinning solution for a mixed structure of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide with different molar ratios. They were then calcined, crystallized by heat treatment and analyzed by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS). After annealing, the average diameters of the Ti–Zn complex oxide nanofibers were 237.6–278.6 nm with different salt ratios, and multiple crystalline structures were observed, namely TiO2, ZnO, ZnTiO3 and Zn2TiO4. We observed the photocatalytic performance of the samples and compared them according to the photodegradation of methylene blue. The methylene blue concentration decreased to 0.008–0.650 after three hours, compared to an initial concentration of 1, with different metal oxide structures.
“…With TZ1, TZ2, TZ3, TZ4 and TZ5, the absorption intensities decreased, and the concentration decreased to 0.067, 0.167, 0.650, 0.245 and 0.008 after 180 min compared to the initial concentration of 1. These results show improved performance compared to the literature with similar experimental conditions [ 12 ]. TZ5 has a methylene blue degradation rate of 99.2%, which is about 14.2% higher than the remaining 85.0% in the literature.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 55%
“…Titanium dioxide has excellent chemical, electrical and optical properties, as well as chemical stability. For that reason, it is used in many different fields of study and industry, in photocatalysts, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite sensitized solar cells, metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, dental implants, interferometric sensors, photonic crystals and other applications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. It is a very useful material and is commonly used for photocatalysts due to its photoactivity, high stability, low cost and safety for the environment and humans [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As the photo-excited electrons are transferred from the valence band to the conduction band, electron-hole pairs are produced and a powerful oxidation reaction occurs. To increase the photo-activity and efficiency of photocatalysts, researchers have fabricated and reported many nanostructures of TiO 2 , such as nanoparticles, nanofibers and nanotubes [ 1 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Their nanostructures were fabricated by the sol-gel method, hydrothermal treatment, anodic oxidation and electrospinning [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 23 ].…”
Photocatalysts are the most important technology in air pollution removal and the detoxification of organic materials. Doping and complexation are among the most used methods to improve the efficiency of photocatalysts. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanomaterials are widely used materials for photocatalysts and the degradation of toxic materials. Their mixed structure can be fabricated by many methods and the structure affects their properties. Nanofibers are efficient materials for photocatalysts due to their vertically formed structure, which improves the charge separation of photoelectrons. We fabricated them by an electrospinning process. A precursor consisting of titanium 4-isopropoxide, zinc acetate dihydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a spinning solution for a mixed structure of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide with different molar ratios. They were then calcined, crystallized by heat treatment and analyzed by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS). After annealing, the average diameters of the Ti–Zn complex oxide nanofibers were 237.6–278.6 nm with different salt ratios, and multiple crystalline structures were observed, namely TiO2, ZnO, ZnTiO3 and Zn2TiO4. We observed the photocatalytic performance of the samples and compared them according to the photodegradation of methylene blue. The methylene blue concentration decreased to 0.008–0.650 after three hours, compared to an initial concentration of 1, with different metal oxide structures.
“…Figure 9f shows that fiber surfaces deteriorate due to the fast release of Ibu nanoparticles from the surfaces of P3 fiber and performing QCM study at pH 5.4. Increasing the amount of Ibu in the solution causes aggregation; therefore, stacks appear on the surface of the fibers which causes that some parts of the fibers to thicken [83] . These results indicate that the increase of Ibu amount in the solution further degraded the fiber structures during drug release from the surface of the fibers; however, increasing the amount of drug in solution resulted in a smaller fiber diameter as observed in previous studies [24,84,85] …”
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the pH‐dependent drug release from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/graphene (Gr) (P1) fibers using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Electrospun fibers for poorly water‐soluble drugs were prepared on the QCM electrode surface through the electrospinning with P1 as the fiber‐forming polymer and drug carrier system and ibuprofen (Ibu) as the model drug. Characterization of the fibers is practiced by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)‐differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and water contact angle measurements. The in vitro release kinetic studies of the Ibu were studied using QCM and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The drug delivery properties of the fibers of PVP/PAN/Gr with 5 wt % Ibu (P2) and PVP/PAN/Gr with 10 wt % Ibu (P3) were measured at pH 5.4 and 7.4. In pH 5.4, the cumulative drug release of 19.5 % was procured from the P3 fiber within 24 h, on the other hand; the cumulative drug release of 16 % was acquired in pH 7.4.
“…The density function of nanofiber yarns with 25% of TiO 2 indicated that frequency of fibers with higher diameter had increased. Increasing fiber diameter with an increased in amount of TiO 2 in the electrospinning solution of nylon/TiO 2 nanofibers has been reported before [31,36]. Figure 3.Probability density of the diameter of nanofibers inside the composite yarn for different percentages of TiO 2 .…”
In this paper, nylon 66/TiO2 composite nanofiber yarn has been developed using electrospinning method. The effect of the TiO2 nanoparticle content on the physical and tensile properties of the resulted composite nanofiber yarns has been extensively investigated using SEM, EDX, FTIR and mechanical testing machine. The probability density function is computed to model the diameter distribution of nanofibers constituent of the composite yarn for different percentages of TiO2. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles into the electrospun composite nanofiber yarn decreases its tensile strength. The influence of thickness (diameter) and twist of the yarn on its tensile strength has been considered and the optimum conditions with improved tensile strength have been presented. Photoactivity of the composite yarns is tested against Rhodamine B (RhB). Results show that nanocomposite yarns are effective to be used as an economically and environmentally friendly photocatalyst in water remediation processes. They are not dispersed in the solution and can be removed easily without additional and costly steps of filtration or centrifuge.
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