Organic
molecules that can be connected to multiple substrates
by sequential C–C bond formations can be utilized as linchpins
in multicomponent processes. While they are useful for rapidly increasing
molecular complexity, most of the reported linchpin coupling methods
rely on the use of organometallic species as strong carbon nucleophiles
to form C–C bonds, which narrows the functional group compatibility.
Here, we describe a metal-free, radical-mediated coupling approach
using a formyl-stabilized phosphonium ylide as a multifunctional linchpin
under visible-light photoredox conditions. The present method uses
the ambiphilic character of the phosphonium ylide, which serves as
both a nucleophilic and an electrophilic carbon-centered radical source.
The stepwise and controllable generation of these radical intermediates
allows sequential photocatalysis involving two mechanistically distinct
radical additions, both of which are initiated by the same photocatalyst
in one pot with high functional group tolerance. The methodology enables
a bidirectional assembly of the linchpin with two electronically differentiated
alkene fragments and thus offers rapid and modular access to 1,4-dicarbonyl
compounds as versatile synthetic intermediates.