Photocatalytic degradation and toxicity evaluation of diclofenac by nanotubular titanium dioxide–PES membrane in a static and continuous setup

Fischer, Karl-Georg; Kühnert, Mathias; Gläser, Roger; Schulze, Agnes

doi:10.1039/c4ra16219f

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The increase in the pure water ux under UV light is attributed to the effect of photoinduced hydrophilicity, where the UV light activates TiO 2 NPs, which allows more water to pass through the membrane. In contrast, Fischer et al 42 reported around a 30% decrease in pure water ux aer depositing TiO 2 nanotubes on a PES membrane, which could be attributed to a different method of depositing nanotubes on the membrane.…”

Section: Hydrophilicity and Membrane Resistancementioning

confidence: 89%

Fouling-free ultrafiltration for humic acid removal

Younas

Shao

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Membrane fouling is a serious concern that significantly affects the membrane filtration process. In this study, an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was developed with surface auto-regeneration potential by immobilizing a photocatalyst [titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs)] on a hybrid polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane to reduce fouling. The combination of photocatalysis and UF, namely, photocatalytic UF, induced the surface auto-regeneration potential to the membrane. The photocatalytic process was initiated after UV light reached the TiO 2 NPs through a quartz window in the membrane containing cell. The membrane, with an optimized distribution of TiO 2 NPs (3.04 g m À2 ), could completely regenerate itself during photocatalytic UF [with 2 mg L À1 humic acid (HA)] without experiencing membrane fouling during 90 min of filtration. The impact of temperature, an important factor for increasing the kinetic rate of the photocatalyst, was also studied. The results showed that an increase in temperature did not affect the photocatalytic process, but increased the permeate flux, which was attributed to the decrease in kinematic viscosity of the water. Finally, four consecutive photocatalytic UF cycles demonstrated the stability of the membrane for a fouling-free UF process. Fig. 5Effect of various concentrations of HA on the photocatalytic UF process; the initial 'a', 'b', and 'c' represent 2 mg L À1 , 5 mg L À1 , and 10 mg L À1 HA concentration, respectively; the numeric 'i', 'ii', and 'iii' represent permeate flux, rejection coefficient, and the decrease in HA quantity in the total feed volume, respectively.This journal is

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Section: Hydrophilicity and Membrane Resistancementioning

confidence: 89%

Fouling-free ultrafiltration for humic acid removal

Younas

Shao

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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“…Fundamental characteristics in view of achieving excellent photocatalytic performance are their high surface area/volume ratio, short distance for charge carrier diffusion, and high photon-collection efficiency. Fischer et al [84] prepared nanotubular TiO 2 -PES membranes. The prepared PMs were tested for degrading DCF under UV light.…”

Section: Ti-and Ag-based Photocatalytic Membrane Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Membranes in Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors

et al. 2018

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The present work gives a critical overview of the recent progresses and new perspectives in the field of photocatalytic membranes (PMs) in photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs), thus highlighting the main advantages and the still existing limitations for large scale applications in the perspective of a sustainable growth. The classification of the PMRs is mainly based on the location of the photocatalyst with respect to the membranes and distinguished in: (i) PMRs with photocatalyst solubilized or suspended in solution and (ii) PMRs with photocatalyst immobilized in/on a membrane (i.e., a PM). The main factors affecting the two types of PMRs are deeply discussed. A multidisciplinary approach for the progress of research in PMs and PMRs is presented starting from selected case studies. A special attention is dedicated to PMRs employing dispersed TiO 2 confined in the reactor by a membrane for wastewater treatment. Moreover, the design and development of efficient photocatalytic membranes by the heterogenization of polyoxometalates in/on polymeric membranes is discussed for applications in environmental friendly advanced oxidation processes and fine chemical synthesis.The Process Intensification (PI) strategy [5,6] is recognized as an efficient tool for the realization of this sustainable growth. The PI strategy comprises an innovative equipment design and process development methods, being able to improve manufacturing and processing, by decreasing production costs, equipment size, energy consumption, waste generation, while improving process efficiency, remote control, information fluxes, and process flexibility [7]. MRs are specific example of reactive separations well responding to the requests of the PI strategy, coupling a reaction with a membrane separation process, not only at equipment level, but by realizing functional synergies between the operations involved [6]. This synergic combination can have several advantages in comparison with traditional reactors depending on the specific functions performed by the membrane [8]. With respect to traditional reactive separations (e.g., reactive distillation, reactive adsorption, reactive crystallization/precipitation), MRs have the advantage to use intrinsically more clean and energy-efficient separation routes [6]. Membrane separations are in fact typically characterized by lower operating temperature, in comparison with thermal separation processes, such as distillation, and they might offer a solution in the case of catalysts or products with a limited thermal stability. Additionally, membrane separation processes are able to separate nonvolatile components by a difference in dimensions, charge, or volatility.The selective transport of the products and/or the reagents through the membrane can increase the yield and/or the selectivity of some processes. Typical examples are esterification and de-hydrogenation reactions (thermodynamically controlled reactions), in which the removal of water or hydrogen, respectively, increases the reaction yield. The extractio...

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“…For PMRs with photocatalyst blended with the membrane, the photocatalyst is blended into the membrane matrix, reducing the possibility of photocatalyst leaching compared to photocatalytic-coated membranes [35]. Most researchers selected polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymeric membranes for the photocatalyst entrapment [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], while polyethersulfone (PES) [44][45][46], polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [47], cellulose acetate (CA) [48,49], polystyrene (PS) [50] and polysulfone (PSF) [51,52] were also used. For PMRs with free-standing photocatalytic membrane, its production is often performed via the electrochemical anodization of a titanium metallic substrate, followed by the separation of the TiO 2 nanotube film and different annealing treatments [17].…”

Section: Pmrs With Immobilized Photocatalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors (PMRs) in Water Treatment: Configurations and Influencing Factors

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The lack of access to clean water remains a severe issue all over the world. Coupling photocatalysis with the membrane separation process, which is known as a photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR), is promising for water treatment. PMR has developed rapidly during the last few years, and this paper presents an overview of the progress in the configuration and operational parameters of PMRs. Two main configurations of PMRs (PMRs with immobilized photocatalyst; PMRs with suspended photocatalyst) are comprehensively described and characterized. Various influencing factors on the performance of PMRs, including photocatalyst, light source, water quality, aeration and membrane, are detailed. Moreover, a discussion on the current problems and development prospects of PMRs for practical application are presented.

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Photocatalytic degradation and toxicity evaluation of diclofenac by nanotubular titanium dioxide–PES membrane in a static and continuous setup

Abstract: Diclofenac is a commonly used anti-inflammatory drug, which has been found in surface waters. TiO2 nanotubes with a polymer microfiltration membrane showed high photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac combined with an excellent membrane performance and long term stability.

Cited by 58 publications

References 66 publications

Fouling-free ultrafiltration for humic acid removal

Fouling-free ultrafiltration for humic acid removal

Photocatalytic Membranes in Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors

Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors (PMRs) in Water Treatment: Configurations and Influencing Factors

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