“…Subsequently, the efficient stabilization of semiconductor photocatalysts has become an active area of research. Many semiconductors, such as TiO2 [11][12][13][14][15], ZnO [16][17][18][19], SnO2 [20][21][22][23][24], Fe2O3 [25], BiVO4 [26][27][28][29][30][31], Cu2O [32][33][34][35][36], and WO3 [37][38][39][40], have been identified as potential photocatalysts under solar light. They have been used to catalyze a range of reactions, including water splitting for hydrogen generation [41,42], CO2 reduction for hydrocarbon fuel production [43][44][45][46][47][48][49], decomposition of harmful gases [50,51], and degradation of organic pollutants [52][53][54][55][56].…”