In the field of heterogeneous catalysts, nanometer-size transition metal oxides are of great interest. In particular, vanadium oxide-based materials, including vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) and vanadium phosphates, are catalysts for the mild oxidation of hydrocarbons and alcohols.[1] To date, V 2 O 5 has attracted increasing interest for its potential applications as catalysts, sensors, and electrodes. V 2 O 5 powders can be obtained by various physical and chemical methods, such as CVD, [2][3][4] hydrothermal method, [1,3,5] spray pyrolysis, [6] sol-gel, [7][8][9] co-precipitation, [10] and microwave plasma-torch method, [11] etc. Chemical vapor synthesis, also known as CVD or chemical vapor condensation (CVC), [12][13][14] is an alternative method for the direct synthesis of nanoparticles. The principle advantages of the reactions in the gas phase are, very short process times, and nanometer-scale powders of high purity with a narrow particle size distribution. The particle morphology, crystalline phase, and surface chemistry of thermally decomposed particles can be controlled by regulating the precursor composition, reaction temperature, pressure, solvent property, and aging time. [15,16] In a typical CVC process, the precursor solution is atomized into an aerosol reactor (electric furnace) where droplets undergo solvent evaporation and solute precipitation within the droplets, which are then dried. In a typical thermal decomposition process, the precursor solution was atomized into an aerosol reactor, where droplets underwent solvent evaporation and solute precipitation within the droplets, which were then dried, followed by thermolysis of the precipitates at higher temperatures, and finally sintering to form the final particles.[15]In the CVC process, the synthesis temperature is one of the most important factors for determining the particle morphology, such as the crystal phase, size, specific surface area, surface composition, and chemical state. [15,17] In this study, V 2 O 5 nanoparticles were obtained by the thermal decomposition of a vanadium oxytriethoxide (VOTE) solution. The detailed microstructural characteristics of the thermally decomposed nanoparticles were examined as a function of the synthesis temperatures (500-1300 8C). Figure 1a shows X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the V 2 O 5 nanoparticles prepared at each synthesis temperature. The XRD patterns of the V 2 O 5 samples synthesized at 900, 1100, and 1300 8C showed similar patterns with different peak intensities, and indicated a single-Shcherbinaite phase with an orthorhombic structure (JCPDS Card No. 41-1426) and lattice parameters of a ¼ 1.1516 nm, b ¼ 0.332 nm, and c ¼ 0.43727 nm. [8,10] In addition, the peak intensities of the V 2 O 5 samples increased with increasing synthesis temperature to 900 and 1300 8C, indicating enhanced crystallization. The peaks (001) intensity became higher and the peak shape narrower, indicating an increase in V 2 O 5 crystallite or grain size, which was calculated from the line broadening of (001) dif...